יורה דעה קס״דYoreh De'ah 164

Siman 164 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 4 se'ifim

Se’if 1א׳

מִי שֶׁהָיְתָה שָׂדֶה מְמֻשְׁכֶּנֶת בְּיָדוֹ, לֹא יַחֲזֹר וְיַשְׂכִּיר אוֹתָהּ לְבַעַל הַשָּׂדֶה. וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁמַּתִּיר לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן בְּמַשְׁכַּנְתָּא דְּסוּרָא. הַגָּה: וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא הִתְנָה מִתְּחִלָּה עַל כָּךְ, (ריב"ש סִימָן ש"ה), וְגַם שֶׁכְּבָר הֶחֱזִיק הַמַּלְוֶה בַּשָּׂדֶה; אֲבָל בְּלָאו הָכֵי, לְכֻלֵּי עָלְמָא אָסוּר (בֵּית יוֹסֵף סִימָן קע"ב בְּשֵׁם תְּשׁוּבַת רַשְׁבָּ"א).

One who had a field pledged in his hand shall not go back and let it out to the owner of the field. And there is one who permits doing so in a mashkanta de-Sura (the mortgage of Sura, in which the lender enjoys the produce of the field for a fixed term and the debt is then discharged). Hagah [Rema]: And that is provided that he did not stipulate about this at the outset (Rivash, siman 305), and also that the lender had already taken hold of the field; but where this is not so, it is forbidden according to all (Beit Yosef, siman 172, in the name of a responsum of the Rashba).

Se’if 2ב׳

מַשְׁכַּנְתָּא דְּסוּרָא, אִם בָּא אֶחָד וְשָׂכַר אוֹתָהּ מֵהַמַּלְוֶה, מֻתָּר לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַשְׂכִּיר אוֹתָהּ לְבַעַל הַשָּׂדֶה. וְע"ל סִימָן קע"ב.

A mashkanta de-Sura: if someone came and rented it from the lender, it is permitted to go back and let it out to the owner of the field. And see below, siman 172.

Se’if 3ג׳

מֻתָּר לִמְכֹּר שָׂדֵהוּ לְאֶחָד וּלְהַתְנוֹת עִמּוֹ שֶׁיַּחְכִּירֶנּוּ (פי' הַחוֹכֵר הוּא אִישׁ שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו שְׂדֵה חֲבֵרוֹ לְעַבְּדָהּ בִּתְנַאי שֶׁיִּתֵּן לַבַּעַל כָּךְ וְכָךְ פֵּרוֹת, בֵּין יַעֲשֶׂה הַשָּׂדֶה פֵּרוֹת בֵּין לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה) לוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ.

It is permitted to sell his field to someone and to stipulate with him that he shall lease it (that is, the chocher is a man who takes upon himself his fellow's field to work it, on condition that he give the owner such-and-such produce, whether the field yields produce or does not yield) to him afterwards.

Se’if 4ד׳

הִלְוָהוּ עַל שָׂדֵהוּ וְאָמַר לוֹ: אִם לֹא תִּתֵּן לִי מִכָּאן וְעַד ג' שָׁנִים הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁלִּי, וְלֹא אָמַר מֵעַכְשָׁו, בְּעִנְיָן שֶׁאֵין הַמִּקָּח קַיָּם תּוֹךְ ג' שָׁנִים, לֹא יֹאכַל הַפֵּרוֹת. וְאִם אֲכָלָם הָוֵי רִבִּית קְצוּצָה וְיוֹצְאָה בְּדַיָּנִים. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּמַה שֶּׁאָכַל תּוֹךְ ג' שָׁנִים לֹא הָוֵי אֶלָּא אֲבַק רִבִּית, דְּהָוֵי כְּמַשְׁכַּנְתָּא בְּלָא נְכַיְתָּא. (בֵּית יוֹסֵף לְדַעַת הָרֹא"שׁ וְטוּר וְרַשִׁ"י וְתוס' וְתַלְמִידֵי רַשְׁבָּ"א וְרַאֲבָ"ד מְבִיאָם בֵּית יוֹסֵף בח"מ סִימָן ר"ז סוֹף סִימָן י"ג), וּכְמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן סִימָן קע"ב, אֲבָל מַה שֶּׁאָכַל לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשָׁה שָׁנִים, צָרִיךְ לְהַחֲזִיר, וְכֵן עִקָּר.

He lent him upon his field and said to him: if you do not give me between now and three years, behold it is mine — and he did not say "from now", in such a manner that the sale does not hold within the three years: he shall not eat the produce. And if he ate it, it is fixed interest and is recovered by the judges. Hagah [Rema]: And there are those who say that what he ate within the three years is nothing but the dust of interest (a lesser, rabbinic degree of interest), for it is as a mashkanta without deduction. (Beit Yosef, according to the opinion of the Rosh and the Tur and Rashi and the Tosafot and the pupils of the Rashba and the Raavad, whom the Beit Yosef brings in Choshen Mishpat, siman 207, at the end of siman 13), and as will be explained below, siman 172. But what he ate after three years he must return, and such is the principal ruling.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav