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The Shulchan Aruch · Yoreh De'ah

יורה דעה קי״חYoreh De'ah 118

Siman 118 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 13 se'ifim

דיני פת ושלקות וחלב וגבינה של עובדי כוכביםFood of Idol Worshipers· siman 118

Se’if 1א׳

יַיִן וּבָשָׂר וַחֲתִיכַת דָּג שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ סִימָן שֶׁהִפְקִיד אוֹ שָׁלַח בְּיַד עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי חוֹתָמוֹת. אֲבָל יַיִן מְבֻשָּׁל וְשֵׁכָר, אוֹ יַיִן שֶׁעֵרְבוּ בּוֹ דְּבָרִים אֲחֵרִים, כְּגוֹן דְּבַשׁ, וְכֵן הַחֹמֶץ וְחָלָב וּמוֹרְיָס וּפַת וּגְבִינָה וְכָל שֶׁאִסוּרוֹ מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, שֶׁהִפְקִידוֹ בְּיַד עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, מֻתָּר בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאַף בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁצְּרִיכִים שְׁנֵי חוֹתָמוֹת, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא בְּשׁוֹלֵחַ עַל יְדֵי עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ עָתִיד לִרְאוֹת הַחוֹתָם, אֲבָל מַפְקִיד שֶׁעָתִיד לִרְאוֹת חוֹתָמוֹ, דַּי בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד, כִּי הוּא יָרֵא. וְאַף הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ, אִם הוֹדִיעַ לַחֲבֵרוֹ צוּרַת הַחוֹתָם וְגַם אָמַר לָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁהוֹדִיעוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, דַּי בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּלֹא בָּעֵינָן ב' חוֹתָמוֹת רַק בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל חָשׁוּד, אֲבָל בְּעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, הַכֹּל שָׁרֵי עַל יְדֵי חוֹתָם אֶחָד (טוּר וְהַפּוֹסְקִים בְּשֵׁם ר"ת). וּבְדִיעֲבַד יֵשׁ לִסְמֹךְ עַל זֶה (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל כ"ג וְהַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי וְתוֹסָפוֹת).

Wine or meat or a piece of fish that does not have on it a sign, which one deposits or sends with a non-Jew, it needs two seals. But cooked wine and beer or wine that has other things mixed in it such as honey, and so too vinegar, milk, brine, bread, and cheese and anything that is prohibited by the words of the scribes [i.e. rabbinically] that one deposits in the hand of a non-Jew, is permitted by a single seal. And there are those that say that even things which require two seals only require them when they are sent along with a non-Jew that is not able to see the second seal, but it is enough that he can see one, and he will be afraid to do anything to the product. And even the one who sends the package, if he informs his friend of the form of the seal, and also tells the non-Jew that he has informed his friend, then one seal is enough. Rema: There are those who say that we require two stamps only for a Jew who is suspected of wrongdoing, but for a non-Jew, everything is permitted, even by one seal, and after the fact one may rely upon this.

Se’if 2ב׳

כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֶחְתִּימוֹ כָּרָאוּי שְׁנֵי חוֹתָמוֹת, בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁצָּרִיךְ שְׁנַיִם, וְאֶחָד בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁדַּי בְּאֶחָד, אֵין צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר אַחֲרָיו לִרְאוֹתוֹ. אֲבָל אִם חָזַר עַל חוֹתָמוֹ וְלֹא הִכִּירוֹ, אָסוּר אֲפִלּוּ עָשָׂה שְׁתֵּי חוֹתָמוֹת (סָעִיף זֶה כָּפוּל בסק"ל ס"ח). הַגָּה: וּמִיהוּ דַּוְקָא אִם הוּא דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁהֶחֱלִיפוֹ וְנֶהֱנֶה בַּחֲלִיפִין (טוּר וּבֵית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם תּוֹסָפוֹת וּשְׁאָר פּוֹסְקִים), אוֹ הוּא יַיִן וְיֵשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁאֲסָרוֹ בִּנְגִיעָה. אֲבָל אִם רוֹאֶה הַדָּבָר שֶׁשָּׁלַח אוֹ הִפְקִיד וְהוּא טוֹב כְּמוֹ שֶׁשָּׁלַח, וְלֹא נֶהֱנָה הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים אִם הֶחֱלִיפוֹ, לֹא חַיְשִׁינָן, אַף שֶׁהַחוֹתָם מְקֻלְקָל. וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סוֹף סִימָן זֶה. וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סוֹף סִימָן ק"ל מִדִּינִים אֵלּוּ.

When the seals are appropriate, two seals on a thing that requires two, and one seal on that which requires one, you do not have to double check them. But if one double checks the seal and does not recognize it, it is forbidden even if two seals were made. Rema: And in any case, this is specifically if it is a thing which there is a concern that the product was switched, and it would benefit the courier to have switched it, or it is wine and there is a concerned that it has been touched. But if he saw the item that was sent, or he deposited it, and it is as good as when it was sent, and it would not have benefited the courier to have switched, we are not concerned, even if the seal was damaged. And see the end of chapter 134 regarding our countries....

Se’if 3ג׳

אוֹת אַחַת חָשׁוּב כְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד שְׁתַּיִם, הָוֵי כִּשְׁתֵּי חוֹתָמוֹת. וּדְפוּסִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם כַּמָּה אוֹתִיּוֹת, לֹא חֲשִׁיבֵי אֶלָּא כְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד, כֵּיוָן שֶׁקּוֹבְעִין אוֹתָם בְּבַת אַחַת. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁבְּמָקוֹם שֶׁמְּצוּיִים מוּמָרִים וְגוֹיִים שֶׁיּוֹדְעִים לִכְתֹּב, אֵין כְּתָב סִימָן אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁמַּכִּיר הַכְּתָב (סָעִיף זֶה כָּפוּל בסק"ל ס"ו).

One letter is considered to be one seal, two letters would be like two seals. And if they are printed, even though there are many letters, they are only considered to be a single seal, since that they are set with a single action. And there are those that say that in a place where many apostates are found or non-Jews who know how to write, then one should not write a sign except to someone who recognizes his handwriting.

…and 8 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Shulchan Aruch, Wikisource, via Sefaria — CC BY-SA