אורח חיים פ״טOrach Chayim 89

Se’if 1א׳

זְמַן תְּפִלַּת הַשַּׁחַר, מִצְוָתָהּ שֶׁיַּתְחִיל עִם הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה, כְּדִכְתִּיב יִרָאוּךָ עִם שָׁמֶשׁ, וְאִם הִתְפַּלֵּל מִשֶּׁעָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר וְהֵאִיר פְּנֵי הַמִּזְרָח, יָצָא. וְנִמְשַׁךְ זְמַנָּהּ עַד סוֹף ד' שָׁעוֹת, שֶׁהוּא שְׁלִישׁ הַיּוֹם. וְאִם טָעָה אוֹ עָבַר וְהִתְפַּלֵּל אַחַר ד' שָׁעוֹת עַד חֲצוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ שָׂכָר כִּתְפִלָּה בִּזְמַנָּהּ, שְׂכַר תְּפִלָּה מִיהָא אִכָּא: הַגָּה: וְאַחַר חֲצוֹת אָסוּר לְהִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלַּת שַׁחֲרִית (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הָרַשְׁבָּ"א פֶּרֶק תְּפִלַּת הַשַּׁחַר) וע"ל רֵישׁ סִימָן ק"ח:

The Laws of Prayer [i.e. the Amidah] and its [Proper] Time, containing 8 s'ifim The time for the morning Tefillah (i.e. Amidah): its commandment is that it should begin with the "blossoming" (i.e. rising) of the sun, as it is written, "They will revere You with the sun (Psalm 72:5)." And if one prayed from the [time of] "the pillar of the morning" (i.e. dawn) and the appearance of the east has become light, one has fulfilled [one's obligation]. And its time continues until the end of four hours which is a third of the daytime. And if one erred or transgressed and prayed after the fourth hour until noon, even though one does not have the [same] reward as praying at its [proper] time, in any case there is still a reward of prayer. Rem"a: And after noon it is forbidden to pray the Tefillah of the morning (Beit Yosef in the name of the Rashba [Rabbi Shlomo ben Adret], Chapter: "Morning Prayer") . And see below, the beginning of Siman 108].

Se’if 2ב׳

כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ זְמַן תְּפִלָּה, אָסוּר לְאָדָם לְהַקְדִּים לְפֶתַח חֲבֵרוֹ לִתֵּן לוֹ שָׁלוֹם, מִשּׁוּם דִּשְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּבָּ"ה שָׁלוֹם. אֲבָל מֻתָּר לוֹמַר לוֹ צַפְרָא דְּמָרֵי טַב, וַאֲפִלּוּ זֶה אֵינוֹ מֻתָּר, אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁהֻצְרַךְ לָלֶכֶת לִרְאוֹת אֵיזֶה עֵסֶק. אֲבָל אִם אֵינוֹ הוֹלֵךְ אֶלָּא לְהַקְבִּיל פָּנָיו קֹדֶם תְּפִלָּה, אֲפִלּוּ זֶה הַלָּשׁוֹן אָסוּר, וְכֵן אָסוּר לִכְרֹעַ לוֹ כְּשֶׁמַּשְׁכִּים לְפִתְחוֹ, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דִּכְרִיעָה אֲסוּרָה אֲפִלּוּ בְּלֹא מַשְׁכִּים לְפִתְחוֹ, וְאִם הִתְחִיל לְבָרֵךְ הַבְּרָכוֹת אַחַר כָּךְ אֵין לָחוּשׁ כָּל כָּךְ, וְאִם אֵינוֹ מַשְׁכִּים לְפִתְחוֹ אֶלָּא שֶׁפָּגַע בּוֹ בַּדֶּרֶךְ, מֻתָּר לִתֵּן לוֹ שָׁלוֹם. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ בְּמוֹצֵא חֲבֵרוֹ בַּשּׁוּק, לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ אֶלָּא צַפְרָא דְּמָרֵי טַב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתֵּן לֵב שֶׁהוּא אָסוּר לְהִתְעַכֵּב בִּדְבָרִים אֲחֵרִים כְּלָל עַד שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל.

When the time of prayer has arrived, it is forbidden for a person to arrive early to the door of one's friend to greet him (lit. "give them a 'shalom'"), since the name of the Holy Blessed One is "Shalom", but it is permitted to say to him, "Good morning, sir" (tzafra d'mari tav). And even this is not allowed other than when it is needed to go to see to a matter of business, but if one is only going to greet (i.e. for a purely social purpose) before prayer, even this phrase is forbidden. And it is also forbidden to bow to them [in greeting] when one gets up early to go to his door (ie. before praying). And there are those that say that bowing is forbidden even when you do not get up early to go to his door. And if one has begun to bless the [morning] blessings (after this) there is no concern with any of this. And if one does not get up early to go to his door, but rather encounters him on the way, it is permitted to greet him (give them a "shalom"). And there are those that say that even if one finds one's friend in the marketplace, one should not say to him anything other than "Good morning, sir", since this reminds (lit. "gives heart") [him] that it is forbidden to to delay with other matters until one prays.

Se’if 3ג׳

אָסוּר לוֹ לְהִתְעַסֵק בִּצְרָכָיו אוֹ לֵילֵךְ לַדֶּרֶךְ עַד שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלַּת י"ח וְיֵשׁ מְקִלִּין לְאַחַר שֶׁאָמְרוּ מִקְצָת בְּרָכוֹת קֹדֶם שֶׁאָמְרוּ בָּרוּךְ שֶׁאָמַר, וְטוֹב לְהַחְמִיר בָּזֶה (תְּרוּמַת הַדֶּשֶׁן סי' י"ח) וְלֹא לֶאֱכֹל וְלֹא לִשְׁתּוֹת, אֲבָל מַיִם מֻתָּר לִשְׁתּוֹת קֹדֶם תְּפִלָּה, בֵּין בְּחֹל וּבֵין בְּשַׁבָּת וְיוֹם טוֹב, וְכֵן אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לִרְפוּאָה מֻתָּר.

It is forbidden to busy one's self with his own needs or to get on the road before praying the prayer of 18 [i.e. the Amidah] (and there are those who are lenient [to allow this] after they have said some of the blessings before saying Baruch She-amar, but is good to be stringent in this - Terumat HaDeshen 18) nor may one eat or drink, but one may drink water before prayer, both on a weekday and on Shabbat or Yom Tov, and likewise, foods or drinks for medicinal purpose is allowed.