The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim
אורח חיים תק״עOrach Chayim 570
Siman 570 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 3 se'ifim
הלכות תעניתLaws of Fast Days· siman 570
Se’if 1א׳
יָחִיד שֶׁקִּבֵּל עָלָיו תַּעֲנִית כָּךְ וְכָךְ יָמִים וְאֵרְעוּ בָּהֶם שַׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טוֹבִים אוֹ רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ חֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים אוֹ עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, אִם קִבְּלוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן קַבָּלַת תַּעֲנִית בְּעָלְמָא, אֵין צָרִיךְ הַתָּרָה; וְאִם קִבְּלוֹ בְּלָשׁוֹן הֲרֵי עָלַי, שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן נֶדֶר, צָרִיךְ הַתָּרַת חָכָם, וְיִפְתַּח בַּחֲרָטָה שֶׁיֹּאמַר לוֹ: אִלּוּ שַׂמְתָּ אֶל לִבְּךָ שֶׁיֶּאֶרְעוּ בָּהֶם אֵלּוּ הַיָּמִים לֹא הָיִיתָ נוֹדֵר, וּמַתִּיר לוֹ. וּלְהָרַמְבָּ"ם, מִשֶּׁקִּבֵּל עָלָיו בִּלְשׁוֹן נֶדֶר וּפָגְעוּ בּוֹ שַׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טובים אוֹ עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים אוֹ רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, חַיָּב לָצוּם בָּהֶם אִם לֹא יַתִּירוּ לוֹ; אֲבָל אִם פָּגַע בּוֹ חֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים, נִדְרוֹ בָּטֵל וְלֹא יָצוּם בָּהֶם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם וּצְרִיכִים חִזּוּק. הַגָּה: וְהַמִּנְהָג כִּסְּבָרָא רִאשׁוֹנָה. מִי שֶׁנָּדַר לְהִתְעַנּוֹת סָךְ יָמִים וְאָמַר: חוּץ מִיָּמִים טוֹבִים, אֵין חֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים בַּכְּלָל; וְאִם אָמַר שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ הָיָה עֲלֵיהֶם, הוֹלְכִים אַחֲרָיו (תְּשׁוּבַת הָרַשְׁבָּ"א סִימָן תרצ"ט); אֲבָל עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בַּכְּלָל, וְהָכֵי נָהוּג וּדְלֹא כְּמוֹ שֶׁפָּסַק בְּיוֹרֵה דֵּעָה סִימָן רט"ו (סָעִיף ב').
An individual who accepted upon himself a fast of so-and-so many days, and Sabbaths and festival days, or the New Moon, Chanukah and Purim, or the eve of the Day of Atonement fell within them: if he accepted it in the language of the mere acceptance of a fast, he requires no release; and if he accepted it in the language "behold, it is upon me", which is the language of a vow, he requires the release of a sage, and he opens with regret, in that he says to him: had you set upon your heart that these days would fall within them, you would not have vowed — and he releases it for him. And according to the Rambam, once he has accepted it upon himself in the language of a vow, and Sabbaths and festival days or the eve of the Day of Atonement or the New Moon met him, he is bound to fast on them if they do not release it for him; but if Chanukah and Purim met him, his vow is void and he does not fast on them, because they are from the words of the Sages and need strengthening. Hagah [Rema]: And the custom is according to the first opinion. One who vowed to fast a number of days and said "except for festival days" — Chanukah and Purim are not included; and if he said that his mind was upon them, they go after him (Responsum of the Rashba, siman 699). But the eve of the Day of Atonement is included, and so is the practice, and not as he ruled in Yoreh De'ah, siman 215 (se'if 2).
Se’if 2ב׳
הַנּוֹדֵר לְהִתְעַנּוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת וְיוֹם טוֹב וְעֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וַחֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים, דִּינָם שָׁוֶה לְנוֹדֵר לְהִתְעַנּוֹת כָּךְ וְכָךְ יָמִים וְאֵרְעוּ בָּהֶם יָמִים הַלָּלוּ; אִם הוֹצִיאוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן נֶדֶר, דִּינוֹ כִּמְקַבֵּל עָלָיו בִּלְשׁוֹן נֶדֶר, וְאִם הוֹצִיאוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן קַבָּלַת תַּעֲנִית בְּעָלְמָא, דִּינוֹ כִּמְקַבֵּל בִּלְשׁוֹן קַבָּלַת תַּעֲנִית.
One who vows to fast on the Sabbath and a festival day and the eve of the Day of Atonement and Chanukah and Purim — their law is the same as that of one who vows to fast so-and-so many days and these days fell within them: if he uttered it in the language of a vow, his law is as one who accepts upon himself in the language of a vow; and if he uttered it in the language of the mere acceptance of a fast, his law is as one who accepts in the language of the acceptance of a fast.
Se’if 3ג׳
אִם נִשְׁבַּע לְהִתְעַנּוֹת כָּךְ וְכָךְ יָמִים וְאֵרְעוּ בָּהֶם יָמִים הַלָּלוּ, הַשְּׁבוּעָה חָלָה עֲלֵיהֶם מִטַּעַם אִסוּר כּוֹלֵל; אֲבָל אִם נִשְׁבַּע לְהִתְעַנּוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב, בְּפֵרוּשׁ, לֹא חָלָה עָלָיו שְׁבוּעָה דְּאֵין שְׁבוּעָה חָלָה עַל דְּבַר מִצְוָה, אֶלָּא לוֹקֶה עַל שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּע לַשָּׁוְא, וְאוֹכֵל; וְאִם נִשְׁבַּע לְהִתְעַנּוֹת בַּחֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים, חָלָה שְׁבוּעָה עָלָיו כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵינָן אֶלָּא מִדְּרַבָּנָן וְיֵשׁ לְהַתִּיר שְׁבוּעָתוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מִתְעַנֶּה. וְנִרְאֶה לִי דְּהוּא הַדִּין לְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ וְעֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שֶׁאֵינָם אֶלָּא מִדְּרַבָּנָן; אֶלָּא שֶׁמִּדִּבְרֵי הָרַמְבָּ"ם נִרְאֶה שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל תּוֹרָה.
If he swore to fast so-and-so many days and these days fell within them, the oath takes effect upon them by reason of an encompassing prohibition; but if he swore to fast on the Sabbath or on a festival day explicitly, the oath does not take effect upon him, for an oath does not take effect upon a thing of a mitzvah — rather he is flogged for having sworn in vain, and he eats. And if he swore to fast on Chanukah and Purim, the oath takes effect upon him, since they are only of rabbinic law; and one should release his oath, and he does not fast. And it seems to me that the same applies to the New Moon and the eve of the Day of Atonement, which are only of rabbinic law; except that from the words of the Rambam it appears that they are of the Torah.
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain
English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav