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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים תקס״בOrach Chayim 562

Siman 562 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 13 se'ifim

הלכות תעניתLaws of Fast Days· siman 562

Se’if 1א׳

כָּל תַּעֲנִית שֶׁלֹּא שָׁקְעָה עָלָיו חַמָּה, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁלֹּא הִשְׁלִימוֹ עַד צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים דְּהַיְנוּ שֶּׁיִּרְאֶה ג' כּוֹכָבִים בֵּינוֹנִים אוֹ שֶׁהַלְּבָנָה זוֹרַחַת בְּכֹחַ וְתָאִיר עַל הָאָרֶץ (הַגָּהוֹת אֲשֵׁרִי פ"ק דְּתַעֲנִית וְהַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פ"א), אֵינוֹ תַּעֲנִית; וְאִם דַּעְתּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל קֹדֶם לָכֵן, אֵינוֹ מִתְפַּלֵּל עֲנֵנוּ. הַגָּה: מִיהוּ נוֹהֲגִין לְהִתְפַּלֵּל עֲנֵנוּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין מַשְׁלִימִין עַד צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים, וְכֵן דַּעַת מִקְצָת רַבְּוָתָא (תה"ד סִימָן קנ"ז); וְנִרְאֶה לִי דְּדַוְקָא בְּיָחִיד דְּאוֹמֵר עֲנֵנוּ בְּשׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה, דִּבְלָאו הָכֵי יָכוֹל לְהוֹסִיף כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל סי' קי"ט, אֲבָל שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר לֹא יֹאמַר עֲנֵנוּ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן מַשְׁלִימִין, וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין.

The Laws of Accepting a Fast, Contains 13 Sections. Every fast that does not last until sunset - that is, it is not completed until Tzeit HaKochavim, meaning that one can see three medium-sized stars or the moon shines strongly and illuminates the earth (Hagahot Ashiri, Chapter 1 of Taanit and Hagahot Maimonides, Chapter 1) - is not considered a fast. And if one intends to eat before then, one should not recite the 'Aneinu' prayer [in their Amidah]. Rema: However, there is a custom to recite 'Aneinu' even if the fast is not completed until Tzeit HaKochavim, as is the opinion of some authorities (Terumat HaDeshen, section 157). It seems to me that this specifically applies to an individual who says 'Aneinu' in the 'Shomea Tefillah' blessing [in the Amidah], as anyway he can add to it as explained earlier in section 119. However, a prayer leader should not say 'Aneinu' unless the fast is completed, and this is the common practice.

Se’if 2ב׳

יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁמִּי שֶׁרָגִיל לְהִתְעַנּוֹת עֲשֶׂרֶת יְמֵי תְּשׁוּבָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין רְגִילוּת לְקַבְּלָם בַּתְּפִלָּה, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהִתְעַנּוֹת עַד צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִבֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת. הַגָּה: וְהַיָּחִיד מִתְפַּלֵּל עֲנֵנוּ (הַגָּהוֹת אֲשֵׁרִי וּמָרְדְּכַי פ"ק דְּתַעֲנִית). וְכֵן חָתָן יִתְפַּלֵּל עֲנֵנוּ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס לַחֻפָּה וְאָז יוּכַל לִשְׁתּוֹת מִכּוֹס שֶׁל בְּרָכָה (תה"ד סִימָן קנ"ז); אֲבָל מִי שֶׁמִּתְעַנֶּה מִי"ז בְּתַמּוּז עַד תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב צָרִיךְ לְהַשְׁלִים, אַף עַל גַּב דְּאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ קַבָּלָה; וְכֵן מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְעַנֶּה כָּל עֲשֶׂרֶת יְמֵי תְּשׁוּבָה, רַק מִתְעַנֶּה יוֹם אוֹ יוֹמַיִם, בָּעֵי קַבָּלָה וְהַשְׁלָמָה (תה"ד סִימָן קמ"ו). וְנִרְאֶה לִי דְּדַוְקָא בִּסְתָם, אֲבָל אִם הִתְנָה שֶׁלֹּא לְהַשְׁלִים, הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדוֹ דְּלֹא עָדִיף מִשְּׁאָר תַּעֲנִית.

There are those that say one who is used to fasting during the 10 days of Repentance since it is not normal to accept the fast in prayer (i.e. in the Mincha prior to the fast), it is not necessary to fast until Nightfall, rather when one leaves the Synagogue (i.e. after praying the evening service even if prayed prior to Nightfall). Rema: And an individual would pray 'Aneinu' [Haagos Ashiri and Mordechai First Chapter of Taanis]. So to a Groom prays 'Aneinu' before entering into the Chuppah, and then is able to drink from Cup of Blessing (as a part of the wedding service) [Terumas Hadeshen Siman 157]. But one who fasts from the 17th of Tammuz until the 9th of Av, it is necessary to complete even if it is not necessary to accept, so with one who does not fast the whole 10 days of Repentance only fasting a day or days requires an acceptance and completion [Terumas HaDeshen Siman 146]. And it appears to me this is specifically with non-specificity (in the acceptance) but if one made a condition (when accepting the fast) not to complete, the allowance is in his hand, that it is no greater than other fasts.

Se’if 3ג׳

יָחִיד שֶׁקִּבֵּל עָלָיו תַּעֲנִית סְתָם בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, צָרִיךְ לְהִתְעַנּוֹת עַד צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים, אִם לֹא שֶׁפֵּרֵשׁ בִּשְׁעַת קַבָּלַת הַתַּעֲנִית עַד שֶׁיַּשְׁלִימוּ הַצִּבּוּר תְּפִלָּתָם וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן רמ"ט.

An individual who accepts upon himself a fast with non-specificity on the Eve of Shabbos, he needs to fast until Nightfall, if he did not detail at the time of the acceptance of the fast (that the end would only be) until the Congregation completed their prayers (on Friday night). Rema: And also see prior in Siman 249.

…and 8 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0