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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים ל״אOrach Chayim 31

Siman 31 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 2 se'ifim

הלכות תפיליןLaws of Tefillin· siman 31

Se’if 1א׳

בְּשַׁבָּת וְיוֹם טוֹב אָסוּר לְהָנִיחַ תְּפִלִּין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם עַצְמָם אוֹת וְאִם מְנִיחִים בָּהֶם אוֹת אַחֵר, הָיָה זִלְזוּל לָאוֹת שֶׁלָּהֶם.

It is prohibited to wear tefillin on Shabbos or Yom Tov since they are an אות (a sign) and if one were to also wear an extra sign it would be a disgrace to their sign.

Se’if 2ב׳

בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד גַּם כֵּן אָסוּר לְהָנִיחַ תְּפִלִּין מֵהַטַּעַם הַזֶּה בְּעַצְמוֹ שֶׁיְּמֵי חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד גַּם הֵם אוֹת: הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד חַיָּב בִּתְפִלִּין (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הָרֹא"שׁ) וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין בְּכָל גְּלִילוֹת אֵלּוּ לַהֲנִיחָם בַּמּוֹעֵד וּלְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין מְבָרְכִין עֲלֵיהֶם בְּקוֹל רָם בב"ה כְּמוֹ שְׁאָר יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה:

...On Chol HaMoed it is prohibited to wear tefillin for the same reason, namely that Chol HaMoed is also an אות (sign). Rema: There are those who maintain that one is obligated to wear tefillin on Chol HaMoed [Beit Yosef quoting the Rosh] and the custom in all these regions is to put on tefillin with a beracha. The only difference is that the beracha is not recited out loud in shul as is normally done.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0