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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים רמ״הOrach Chayim 245

Siman 245 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 6 se'ifim

הלכות שבתLaws of Shabbat· siman 245

Se’if 1א׳

יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַכּוּ"ם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם שָׂדֶה אוֹ תַּנּוּר אוֹ מֶרְחָץ אוֹ רֵחַיִם שֶׁל מַיִם בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת, אוֹ שֶׁהֵם שֻׁתָּפִין בַּחֲנוּת בַּסְחוֹרָה, אִם הִתְנוּ מִתְּחִלָּה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבָּאוּ לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף שֶׁיִּהְיֶה שְׂכַר הַשַּׁבָּת לָעַכּוּ"ם לְבַדּוֹ, אִם מְעַט וְאִם הַרְבֵּה, וּשְׂכַר יוֹם א' כְּנֶגֶד יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת לַיִּשְׂרָאֵל לְבַדּוֹ, מֻתָּר. וְאִם לֹא הִתְנוּ בִּתְחִלָּה, כְּשֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ לַחֲלֹק נוֹטֵל עַכּוּ"ם שְׂכַר הַשַּׁבָּתוֹת כֻּלָּם, וְהַשְּׁאָר חוֹלְקִים אוֹתוֹ; וְאִם לֹא הָיָה שְׂכַר הַשַּׁבָּת יָדוּעַ, יִטֹּל הָעַכּוּ"ם לְבַדּוֹ שְׁבִיעִית הַשָּׂכָר, וְחוֹלְקִים הַשְּׁאָר. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ מַתִּירִין הַשָּׂכָר בְּדִיעֲבַד, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִתְנוּ וְחָלְקוּ סְתָם (הָרֹא"שׁ פ"ק דע"א וְרַבִּי' יְרוּחָם חי"ב). וְנ"ל דִּבְהֶפְסֵד גָּדוֹל יֵשׁ לִסְמֹךְ עֲלַיְיהוּ; וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁכָּל זֶה לֹא מַיְרֵי אֶלָּא בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד עוֹסֵק בְּיוֹמוֹ (בֵּית יוֹסֵף), אֲבָל כְּשֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם עוֹסְקִים בְּיַחַד כָּל יְמֵי הַחֹל, וּבְשַׁבָּת עוֹסֵק הָעַכּוּ"ם לְבַדּוֹ, מֻתָּר לַחֲלֹק עִמּוֹ כָּל הַשָּׂכָר, דְּעַכּוּ"ם אַדַּעְתָּא דְּנַפְשֵׁיהּ קָא עָבִיד, וְאֵין הַיִּשְׂרָאֵל נֶהֱנֶה בִּמְלַאכְתּוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין הַמְּלָאכָה מֻטֶּלֶת עָלָיו לַעֲשׂוֹת; וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם לֹא יִטֹּל שְׂכַר שַׁבָּת אֶלָּא בְּהַבְלָעָה עִם שְׁאָר הַיָּמִים (ר"ן פ"ק דְּשַׁבָּת סוֹף פֶּרֶק כָּל כִּתְבֵי פ"ק דע"א).

A Jew and a non-Jew that have a field or oven or bathhouse or millstone of water in a partnership, or they are partners in a store in a business: if they stipulated in the beginning at the time they came into the partnership that the profits of Shabbat would go to the non-Jew alone corresponding to another day that would go to the Jew alone, that is permissible. If they didn’t stipulate from the beginning, when they come to distribute the profits, the non-Jew should take all of the profits of Shabbat and the rest they should split. If the profits of Shabbat are not known, the non-Jew should take a 7th of the profits and split the rest. RAMA: There are authorities that permit the profits after-the-fact, even if he did not stipulate and split. It appears to me that in a situation of great loss there is what to rely on this opinion. Some say that all of this is only applicable to partners that each work their own day, but when both are working together all the days of the week, and on Shabbat the non-Jew works alone, then it is permissible to split with him all the profits because the non-Jew is working for his own benefit and the Jew is not benefiting from his work on Shabbat since the work wasn't obligated for him to do. Nevertheless, he shouldn't take the profits of Shabbat unless they are swallowed up with the other days.

Se’if 2ב׳

הֵיכָא שֶׁהִתְנוּ בַּתְּחִלָּה, אִם אַחַר כָּךְ בִּשְׁעַת חֲלוּקָה נִתְרַצָּה הָעַכּוּ"ם לַחֲלֹק בְּשָׁוֶה, מֻתָּר.

Where they stipulated in the beginning: if after the time of splitting the non-Jew wants to split equally, it is permissible.

Se’if 3ג׳

הֵיכָא שֶׁלֹּא הִתְנוּ בִּתְחִלָּה, יֵשׁ תִּקּוּן עַל יְדֵי שֶׁיַּחֲזִיר הַמּוֹכֵר לָהֶם דְּמֵי הַקַּרְקַע אוֹ יִמְכְּרוּהוּ לְאִישׁ אַחֵר וְיַחְזְרוּ וְיִקְנוּהוּ בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת, וְיִתְּנוּ בִּשְׁעַת הַקְּנִיָּה; וְאִם נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ בַּחֲנוּת וְלֹא הִתְנוּ, יַחֲזֹר כָּל אֶחָד וְיִטֹּל חֶלְקוֹ, וִיבַטְּלוּ הַשֻּׁתָּפוּת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַחְזְרוּ לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף, וְיִתְּנוּ בִּתְחִלָּה; וְאִם קִבֵּל הַקַּרְקַע לַעֲשׂוֹת בּוֹ מְלָאכָה בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת, יְבַטְּלוּ הַשִּׁתּוּף וְיִמְחֲלוּ זֶה לָזֶה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַחְזְרוּ לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף וְיִתְּנוּ בִּתְחִלָּה. הַגָּה: וְאִם יִרְצֶה לְהַשְׂכִּיר לְעַכּוּ"ם חֶלְקוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, אוֹ לְשָׂכְרוֹ בְּקִבֹּלֶת, שָׁרֵי וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל סוֹף סִימָן רמ"ד לְעִנְיַן מֶכֶס וּמַטְבֵּעַ דְּשָׁרֵי, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן כָּאן דְּשָׁרֵי עִם שֻׁתָּפוּת עַכּוּ"ם.

Where they didn’t stipulate in the beginning, there is a fix by the buyer returning the money of the land or they sell it to a different person afterward and they return and they buy it as a partnership and they stipulate at the time of the sale. If they were partners in a shop and did not stipulate, everybody returns and takes their share and they nullify the partnership. Afterwards they return to partner and they stipulate at the beginning. If he received land to do work as a partnership, they should nullify partnership and forgive each other. Afterwards they return to form a partnership and stipulate at the beginning. RAMA: If he wants to rent to a non-Jew his share on Shabbat or to rent in a way where they share the profits, it is permissible. Just like we clarified above at the end of the siman 242 regarding a tax collector and coins it’s permissible and all the more so here it’s permissible in a partnership with a non-Jew.

…and 1 more se'if in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0