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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים קע״חOrach Chayim 178

Siman 178 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 7 se'ifim

הלכות סעודהLaws of the Meal· siman 178

Se’if 1א׳

הָיָה אוֹכֵל בְּבַיִת זֶה וּפָסַק סְעוּדָתוֹ וְהָלַךְ לְבַיִת אַחֵר, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל וּקְרָאוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ וְיָצָא לוֹ לְפֶתַח בֵּיתוֹ וְחָזַר, הוֹאִיל וְשִׁנָּה מְקוֹמוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ לְמַפְרֵעַ עַל מַה שֶּׁאָכַל; וְחוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ בִּתְחִלָּה הַמּוֹצִיא, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִגְמֹר סְעוּדָתוֹ; אֲבָל אִם דִּבֵּר עִמּוֹ בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשִּׁנָּה מְקוֹמוֹ מִפִּנָּה לְפִנָּה, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ. וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סִימָן רע"ג אִם הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר לֹא מִקְרֵי שִׁנּוּי מָקוֹם, וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵי הַמְּקוֹמוֹת בְּבַיִת א' וְע"ל סִימָן קפ"ד.

Which things are considered an interruption during a meal. Containing 7 paragraphs: If one was eating in one house and interrupted his meal and went to another house, or if he was eating and his friend called him to speak with him and he went out to the entrance of his house and returned — since he changed his location he must recite a blessing retroactively for what he already ate, and then recite HaMotzi again and complete his meal. But if his friend spoke with him inside the house, even if he changed his spot from corner to corner, he need not recite a blessing again. (See below §273 — if he had in mind to eat in another place it is not called a change of location, provided both places are in the same house; and see above §184.)

Se’if 2ב׳

חֲבֵרִים שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִים לֶאֱכֹל וְיָצְאוּ לִקְרַאת חָתָן אוֹ לִקְרַאת כַּלָּה, אִם הִנִּיחוּ שָׁם מִקְּצָתָן חוֹזְרִים לִמְקוֹמָם וְגוֹמְרִין סְעוּדָתָן וְאֵינָם צְרִיכִין לְבָרֵךְ שְׁנִיָּה; וְאִם לֹא הִנִּיחוּ שָׁם אָדָם, כְּשֶׁהֵם יוֹצְאִים צְרִיכִים בְּרָכָה לְמַפְרֵעַ, וּכְשֶׁהֵם חוֹזְרִים צְרִיכִים בְּרָכָה לְכַתְּחִלָּה; וְכֵן אִם הָיוּ מְסֻבִּין לִשְׁתּוֹת אוֹ לֶאֱכֹל פֵּרוֹת, שֶׁכָּל הַמְשַׁנֶּה מְקוֹמוֹ הֲרֵי פָּסַק אֲכִילָתוֹ וּלְפִיכָךְ מְבָרֵךְ לְמַפְרֵעַ עַל מַה שֶּׁאָכַל, וְחוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ שֵׁנִית עַל מַה שֶּׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לֶאֱכֹל. וְהַמְשַׁנֶּה מְקוֹמוֹ מִפִּנָּה לְפִנָּה בְּבַיִת אֶחָד, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ; אָכַל בְּמִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל תְּאֵנָה זוֹ וּבָא לֶאֱכֹל בְּמַעֲרָבָהּ, צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ חוֹלְקִים בְּכָל מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב בְּסי' זֶה, רַק סוֹבְרִים שֶׁשִּׁנּוּי מָקוֹם אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא כְּהֶסַּח הַדַּעַת, וְלָכֵן אִם שִׁנָּה מְקוֹמוֹ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ אֶלָּא לִפְנֵי מַה שֶּׁרוֹצֶה לֶאֱכֹל, אֲבָל לֹא עַל מַה שֶּׁכְּבָר אָכַל; (תוס' וְרַשְׁבָּ"ם וְהָרֹא"שׁ וּמָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק ע"פ וְטוּר) וְדַוְקָא שֶׁלֹּא הִנִּיחַ מִקְצָת חֲבֵרִים בַּסְּעֻדָּה וְאָכַל מִדְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵינָן צְרִיכִין בְּרָכָה בִּמְקוֹמָם, אֲבָל אִם הִנִּיחַ מִקְצָת חֲבֵרִים אוֹ אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִנִּיחַ וְאָכַל דְּבָרִים שֶׁצְּרִיכִין בְּרָכָה בִּמְקוֹמָם, אֲפִלּוּ מַה שֶּׁרוֹצֶה לֶאֱכֹל אַחַר כָּךְ אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ (סמ"ק וְאוֹר זָרוּעַ); וְלָכֵן מִי שֶׁפָּסַק סְעוּדָתוֹ וְהָלַךְ לְבַיִת אַחֵר, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל וּקְרָאוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ אֲפִלּוּ לְפֶתַח בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, כְּשֶׁחוֹזֵר לַסְּעֻדָּה אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ כְּלָל, דְּהָא פַּת צָרִיךְ בְּרָכָה בִּמְקוֹמוֹ לְכֻלֵּי עָלְמָא; מִיהוּ אִם הִסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ כְּשֶׁחוֹזֵר, וַדַּאי צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עַל מַה שֶּׁרוֹצֶה לֶאֱכֹל אַחַר כָּךְ (בֵּית יוֹסֵף וְרַשְׁבָּ"ם). וְאֵין חִלּוּק בֵּין חָזַר לַמָּקוֹם שֶׁאָכַל כְּבַר וּבֵין סִיֵּם סְעוּדָתוֹ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר (רַמְבַּ"ם פ"ד וְרַ"ן). וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין בִּמְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם לְכַתְּחִלָּה לֹא יַעֲקֹר מִמְּקוֹמוֹ בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה, דְּחַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁכַּח מִלַּחֲזֹר וְלֶאֱכֹל (הר"ר מָנוֹחַ וְרַ"ן); מִיהוּ לְצֹרֶךְ מִצְוָה עוֹבֶרֶת, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ זְמַן תְּפִלָּה, מֻתָּר (כָּל בּוֹ הל' פֶּסַח) וְעַיֵּן סי' תפ"ד.

Friends who were sitting to eat and went out to greet a groom or bride — if some of them remained behind, they return to their places and complete their meal without needing to recite a second blessing. If no one remained when they left, they must recite a blessing retroactively, and when they return they must recite a blessing again. The same applies if they were reclining to drink or eat fruit, for whoever changes his location has interrupted his eating, and therefore he blesses retroactively for what he ate and blesses again for what he is about to eat. One who changes his spot from corner to corner within a single house need not recite a blessing again. If one ate on the east side of a fig tree and comes to eat on the west side, he must recite a blessing. Rema: Some disagree with everything written in this section and hold that a change of location is only equivalent to a lapse of attention — therefore if one changed his location he need only bless before what he wishes to eat next, but not retroactively for what he already ate. (Tosafot, Rashbam, Rosh, Mordechai, ch. Erev Pesach, and Tur) This applies specifically when he did not leave some companions at the meal and ate things that do not require a blessing in their place; but if he left some companions, or even if he did not but ate things that do require a blessing in their place, he need not bless even for what he wishes to eat afterward. (Semak and Or Zarua) Therefore, one who interrupted his meal and went to another house, or was eating and his friend called him — even to the entrance of his house or to another place — when he returns to the meal he need not bless at all, since bread requires a blessing in its place according to all opinions. However, if he had a lapse of attention, when he returns he certainly must bless for what he wishes to eat afterward. (Beit Yosef and Rashba) There is no distinction between returning to the place where he ate and finishing his meal in a different place. (Rambam ch. 4 and Ran) This is the custom in these lands. Nevertheless, one should not initially leave his place without a blessing, since we are concerned he may forget to return and eat. (R. Manoach and Ran) However, for the sake of a passing mitzvah, such as the time for prayer arriving, it is permitted. (Kol Bo, Laws of Pesach, and see §184)

Se’if 3ג׳

יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שֶׁאִם הָיָה בְּגַן וְרוֹצֶה לֶאֱכֹל מִפֵּרוֹת כָּל אִילָן וְאִילָן, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבֵּרַךְ עַל אִילָן אֶחָד אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עַל הָאֲחֵרִים, וְהוּא שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבֵּרַךְ הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל מֵאוֹתָם הָאֲחֵרִים; אֲבָל מִגַּן לְגַן, צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ אֲפִלּוּ אִם הֵם סְמוּכִים, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם כְּשֶׁבֵּרַךְ תְּחִלָּה הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ עַל הַכֹּל.

Some say that if one was in a garden and wished to eat from the fruits of each tree — since he blessed over one tree he need not bless over the others, provided that when he blessed he had in mind to eat from those others as well. But from garden to garden one must bless again, even if they are adjacent and even if when he first blessed he had all of them in mind.

…and 2 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0