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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים קס״זOrach Chayim 167

Siman 167 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 20 se'ifim

הלכות סעודהLaws of the Meal· siman 167

Se’if 1א׳

בּוֹצֵעַ בַּפַּת, בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱפָה הֵיטֵב, וּבְפַת דִּידָן יֵשׁ לִבְצֹעַ בְּצַד הַפַּת וְיַחְתֹּךְ מְעַט מִצַּד הָעֶלְיוֹן וְהַתַּחְתּוֹן (הַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פ"ז מֵהִלְכוֹת בְּרָכוֹת), וְיַחְתֹּךּ פְּרוּסַת הַבְּצִיעָה; וְצָרִיךְ לַחְתֹּךְ מְעַט, שֶׁאִם יֶאֱחֹז בַּפְּרוּסָה יַעֲלֶה שְׁאָר כִּכָּר עִמּוֹ, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן חָשׁוּב כִּפְרוּסָה, וְיַנִּיחֶנָּה מְחֻבֶּרֶת לַפַּת וְיַתְחִיל לְבָרֵךְ וְאַחַר שֶׁסִיֵּם הַבְּרָכָה יַפְרִידֶנָּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּכְלֶה הַבְּרָכָה בְּעוֹד שֶׁהַפַּת שָׁלֵם; וְלֹא יִבְצַע פְּרוּסָה קְטַנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כְּצַר עַיִן, וְלֹא פְּרוּסָה יוֹתֵר מִכַּבֵּיצָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כִּרְעַבְתָּן. הַגָּה: וּבְשַׁבָּת לֹא יַחְתֹּךְ בַּכִּכָּר עַד אַחַר הַבְּרָכָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַכִּכָּרוֹת שְׁלֵמוֹת (תוס' וּמָרְדְּכַי פ' כֵּיצַד מְבָרְכִין). וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם אִם שָׁכַח וְחָתַךְ כְּמוֹ בַּחֹל, אֵינוֹ מַזִּיק (מָרְדְּכַי). וְנִרְאֶה הָא דְּלֹא יִבְצַע יוֹתֵר מִכַּבֵּיצָה, הַיְנוּ דַּוְקָא בַּחֹל וְאוֹכֵל לְבַדּוֹ, אֲבָל בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹ שֶׁאוֹכֵל עִם הַרְבֵּה בְּנֵי אָדָם וְצָרִיךְ לִתֵּן מִן הַפְּרוּסָה לְכָל אֶחָד כַּזַּיִת, מֻתָּר לִבְצֹעַ כְּפִי מַה שֶּׁצָּרִיךְ לוֹ. וְע"ל סי' רע"ד.

The place and time of breaking the bread, and who breaks it – containing 20 sections: One should break the bread at the place where it is well baked. (And with our bread, one should break it on the side of the loaf and cut slightly from the top and bottom—Hagahot Maimoni, chapter 7 of Hilchot Berachot). He should cut the piece to be broken, and he must cut it slightly, so that if he were to hold the slice, the rest of the loaf would be lifted with it. For if not, it is considered as already sliced. He should leave it attached to the loaf and begin the blessing, and after he concludes the blessing, he should separate it—so that the blessing concludes while the bread is still whole. And he should not break off a piece that is too small, because that appears stingy, nor a piece larger than the size of a kebeitza (an egg), because that appears gluttonous. Rema: On Shabbat, one should not cut the loaf before the blessing, so that the loaves remain whole (Tosafot and Mordechai, chapter "Keitzad Mevarchin"). Nevertheless, if he forgot and cut it as on a weekday, it is not harmful (Mordechai). And it seems that the restriction not to break more than a kebeitza applies only on weekdays and when eating alone, but on Shabbat or when eating with many people—and he must give each person a kezayit—it is permitted to break off as much as needed. See also Siman 274.

Se’if 2ב׳

יְבָרֵךְ: הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ. וְאִם רַבִּים מְסֻבִּים יְכַוְּנוּ לִבָּם לִשְׁמֹעַ בְּרָכָה וְיַעֲנוּ אָמֵן, וְהַמְבָרֵךְ יְכַוֵּן לָאָמֵן שֶׁאוֹמְרִים (אוֹר זָרוּעַ). יִתֵּן רֶוַח בֵּין לֶחֶם וּבֵין מִן.

Bless "Who takes out bread from the ground" (And if many people are eating together, the people dining should direct their heart (intention) to the person saying the beracha, and answer amen, and the person saying the beracha should give intention to the amen)(Or Zarua). And one pauses slightly between the word "lechem" [bread] and the word "min" [from].

Se’if 3ג׳

אֵין לְבָרֵךְ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּתְפֹּס הַלֶּחֶם.

Do not bless "Hamotzi" before grasping the bread.

…and 15 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0