אורח חיים קל״טOrach Chayim 139

Se’if 1א׳

בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁהָעוֹלֶה עַצְמוֹ קוֹרֵא בְּקוֹל רָם, אִם לֹא סִדֵּר תְּחִלָּה הַפָּרָשָׁה פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלֹשׁ בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין עַצְמוֹ, לֹא יַעֲלֶה; וּבְמָקוֹם שֶׁהַחַזָּן קוֹרֵא הוּא צָרִיךְ לְסַדֵּר תְּחִלָּה (בֵּית יוֹסֵף).

The Order of Reading the Torah and its Blessings. Containing 11 S'ifim. In a place where the custom is that the one who goes up [to get an aliyah] oneself reads out loud - if one did not first review the parasha two or three times to oneself, one should not go up. Gloss: and in a place where the chazzan reads [the Torah], [the chazzan] needs to review first. [Beit Yosef]

Se’if 2ב׳

מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ לִקְרוֹת, צָרִיךְ לִמְחוֹת בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲלֶה לְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה; וְאִם צְרִיכִים לְזֶה שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ לִקְרוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא כֹּהֵן אוֹ לֵוִי וְאֵין שָׁם אַחֵר זוּלָתוֹ, אִם כְּשֶׁיִּקְרָא לוֹ שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר מִלָּה בְּמִלָּה יוֹדֵעַ לְאָמְרָהּ וְלִקְרוֹתָהּ מִן הַכְּתָב, יָכוֹל לַעֲלוֹת; וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יַעֲלֶה.

One who does not know how to read should be discouraged from going up to the Torah. If he is needed, being a Cohen or Levi, and there are no others: if, when the Shaliach Tzibbur is reading for him word for word, he is able to say it [along with him] and read it from the writing, then he may go up to the Torah. Otherwise, he should not.

Se’if 3ג׳

אֲפִלּוּ רֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת אוֹ חַזָּן, לֹא יִקְרָא עַד שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ: קְרָא; וְנָהֲגוּ שֶׁשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר כְּשֶׁרוֹצֶה מְבָרֵךְ וְקוֹרֵא בְּלִי נְטִילַת רָשׁוּת, מִשּׁוּם דְּהָוֵי כְּאִלּוּ מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁמִנּוּהוּ לְשַׁ"ץ הִרְשׁוּהוּ עַל כָּךְ. הַגָּה: וּבִמְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ אֵין נוֹהֲגִין כֵּן, וְאֵין הַחַזָּן עוֹלֶה רַק כְּשֶׁהַסְּגָן אוֹמֵר לוֹ לַעֲלוֹת, אֲבָל אֵין קוֹרִין לוֹ בִּשְׁמוֹ כְּמוֹ שְׁאָר הָעוֹלִים שֶׁקּוֹרְאִים אוֹתָם בִּשְׁמָם פְּלוֹנִי בַּר פְּלוֹנִי; וּמִי שֶׁאָבִיו מוּמָר לַעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, קוֹרִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשֵׁם אֲבִי אָבִיו, אֲבָל לֹא בִּשְׁמוֹ לְבַד, שֶׁלֹּא לְבַיְּשׁוֹ בָּרַבִּים (תְּרוּמַת הַדֶּשֶׁן סי' כ"א וְס' הַחֲסִידִים). וְדַוְקָא שֶׁלֹּא עָלָה מִיָּמָיו בְּשֵׁם אָבִיו, אֲבָל אִם הוּא גָּדוֹל וְהֻרְגַּל בְּאוֹתוֹ הָעִיר לַעֲלוֹת בְּשֵׁם אָבִיו, וְהֵמִיר אָבִיו, קוֹרְאִים אוֹתוֹ בְּשֵׁם אָבִיו כְּמוֹ שֶׁהֻרְגַּל, שֶׁלֹּא לְבַיְּשׁוֹ בָּרַבִּים; וְכֵן אִם אִכָּא לְמֵיחַשׁ לְאֵיבַת הַמּוּמָר (מַהֲרַ"ם פַּאדוֹוָאָה סי' פ"ז); וַאֲסוּפִי וּשְׁתוּקִי קוֹרִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשֵׁם אֲבִי אִמּוֹ, וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ קוֹרִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשֵׁם אַבְרָהָם, כְּמוֹ לְגֵר (דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ). סוּמָא אֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא, לְפִי שֶׁאָסוּר לִקְרוֹת אֲפִלּוּ אוֹת אַחַת שֶׁלֹּא מִן הַכְּתָב, (וּמַהֲרִי"ל כָּתַב דְּעַכְשָׁיו קוֹרֵא סוּמָא, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָנוּ מַקְרִין בַּתּוֹרָה לְעַם הָאָרֶץ).

Even the head of the community or the Chazan should not read until he's told to read. And the custom is that the prayer leader may, if he wants to, make the blessing and read without taking permission; because it's as if when he was appointed prayer leader, he was given permission for this. Rem"a: And in these countries, this is not the custom; and a Chazan should only go up [to the Torah] if the assistant calls him up. However, he is not called up by his name like all the other "olim" (ie. those who get called up to the Torah) who are called by their name, "Ploni Ben Ploni" (So and so, the son of so and so). Someone whose father is a transgressor through idol worship, should be called by his father's father's name (ie. the grandfather), but not with his name alone, in order to not shame him in public [Trumat Hadeshen - siman 21 and 68]. And this is only when this person has never been called up to the Torah with his father's name; but if he is an adult and accustomed in that city to be called up by his father's name, and then his father became an apostate, he should be called up to the Torah by his father's name as they are accustomed to, in order to not to embarrass him in public. And so too, if there is as a chance of hostility by the apostate [Mahara"m Paduah - siman 87]. [Regarding] an Assufi (ie. someone who was collected from the marketplace and doesn’t know the identity of his parents) and a Shtuki (ie. someone who knows the identity of his mother but does not know the identity of his father): we call him by his mother's father's name, and if he doesn't know even that, then we call him up with the name "Avraham", just like a convert. [His (ie. the Rem"a's) own opinion]. A blind person is forbidden to read, for it is forbidden to read even one letter by heart. [The Mahari"l wrote that nowadays, we may call up a blind person just like we call up an illiterate person.]