אבן העזר קמ״דEven HaEzer 144

Siman 144 of 178 in Even HaEzer — 7 se'ifim

Se’if 1א׳

אָמַר לָהּ: הֲרֵי זֶה גִּטֵּךְ אִם לֹא אָבֹא בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר: עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא אָבֹא בְּתוֹךְ ל' יוֹם, וְהָיָה בָּא בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּתוֹךְ ל' יוֹם, וְחָלָה אוֹ עִכְּבוֹ נָהָר וְלֹא בָּא עַד אַחַר ל' יוֹם, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵּט, אֲפִלּוּ עוֹמֵד וְצוֹוֵחַ: הֲרֵינִי אָנוּס, שֶׁאֵין אֹנֶס בְּגִטִּין. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגִּלָּה דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁאֵין רְצוֹנוֹ לְגָרֵשׁ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא הִתְנָה חוּץ מֵאִם יִקְרָאֶנִי אֹנֶס. אֲבָל אֹנֶס דְּלָא שָׁכִיחַ כְּלָל, כְּגוֹן אֲכָלוֹ אֲרִי אוֹ הִכִּישׁוֹ נָחָשׁ אוֹ נָפַל הַבַּיִת עָלָיו, לֹא אַסִיק אַדַּעְתֵּהּ לְהַתְנוֹת עָלָיו, וּמְבַטֵּל הַגֵּט וְהִיא זְקוּקָה לְיָבָם. וְשִׁבְיָה, הֲוֵי אֹנֶס דְּשָׁכִיחַ, וְאֵינוֹ מְבַטֵּל הַגֵּט מִדְּלֹא הִתְנָה (מָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק מִי שֶׁאֲחָזוֹ):

If he says to her, "Behold this is your get if I don't come [back] within 30 days," or he says, "On condition that I don't come [back] within 30 days," and he is on the way to come back within 30 days but he gets sick or he is prevented because of a river, and he only comes after 30 days, the bill of divorce takes effect, even if he stands and protests, "I was an oneis [the events were not in his control]!" For there is no oneis in regard to divorce. And [this is so] even though his intent was openly known that he did not want to divorce, since he did not stipulate "except for the case if I become an oneis." But an oneis that is very uncommon, such as being attacked by a lion or being bitten by a snake or a house fell on him, he never intended for that to make a condition on, and the bill of divorce is void [and if he dies] she is bound to the yibbum [levirate marriage]. Rem"a: And if he becomes a captive, that is a common oneis, and the bill of divorce is not void because he did not stipulate [the exception] (Mordechai Perek Mi Sheachzo).

Se’if 2ב׳

הֲרֵי זֶה גִּטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָּאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וְלֹא אָמַר: מֵעַכְשָׁו וְלֹא עַל מְנָת, וּמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, הֲרֵי זֶה סָפֵק, וְחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת:

"Behold this is your bill of divorce if I don't come [back] from this point [mi'kan] for 12 months," and he didn't say "from now" [me'achshav] and [he didn't say] "on condition" [al menat], and he dies within 12 months, this is a doubt, and she must do chalitza and not yibbum.

Se’if 3ג׳

הֲרֵי זֶה גִּטֵּךְ מֵעַכְשָׁו, אִם לֹא בָּאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. אֲבָל אִם יֵשׁ לָהּ יָבָם, לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא בְּלֹא חֲלִיצָה עַד שֶׁיַּעַבְרוּ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ; וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת, לֹא תֵּצֵא:

"Behold this is your bill of divorce from now [me'achshav], if I don't come [back] from this point [mi'kan] for 12 months." And he dies within 12 months, she is divorced. But if there is a yibbum to her, she cannot remarry with chalitza until 12 months pass. If she doesget remarried, she does not [get forced to] leave [her second husband].

Se’if 4ד׳

נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט בַּלַּיְלָה וְאָמַר לָהּ: הֲרֵי זֶה גִּטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתֵּצֵא חַמָּה מִנַּרְתֵּקָהּ, וּמֵת בַּלַּיְלָה, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵּט. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לָה אִם תֵּצֵא מִנַרְתֵּקָה אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לִכְשְׁתֵּצֵא חֲמָה מִנַרְתֵּקָה וּמֵת בַּלֵילָה הֲרֵי זֶה סָפֵק. וְי" א דְּאַף בְּעַל מְנָת נָקְטִינָן לְחֻמְרָא, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן אָמַר: מֵעַכְשָׁו, בְּהֶדְיָא:

If he gave the bill of divorce at night and said to her, "Behold this is your bill of divorce on condition [al menat] the sun emerges from its sheath, and he dies at night, the bill of divorce take effect. But if he said to her [instead of al menat] "if the sun emerges from its sheath] or he says, "when the sun emerges from its sheath," and he dies at night, it is doubtful. Some say that even [the phrase] "al menat" should be treated stringently, unless he said "from now [will this bill of divorce take effect on condition...", explicitly.

Se’if 5ה׳

אָמַר: אִם לֹא בָּאתִי עַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ כִּתְבוּ גֵּט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר: כִּתְבוּ גֵּט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי אִם לֹא בָּאתִי עַד י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, אֵין כּוֹתְבִין תּוֹךְ י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, אֲפִלּוּ אִם לֹא יִרְצוּ לִתְּנוֹ עַד אַחַר י"ב חֹדֶשׁ. וְאִם כְּתָבוּהוּ בְּתוֹךְ י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנְּתָנוּהוּ לָהּ לְאַחַר י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, אֵינוֹ גֵּט. כָּתְבוּ וְנָתְנוּ לָהּ לְאַחַר י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵת, אִם מִיתָה קָדְמָה לִנְתִינַת הַגֵּט, אֵינוֹ גֵּט. וְאִם גֵּט קוֹדֵם לַמִּיתָה, הָוֵי גֵּט (טוּר). וְאִם הוּא סָפֵק אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם קוֹדֵם, הֲרֵי זוֹ סְפֵק מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. הַגָּה: לֹא נָתְנוּ לָהּ מִיָּד אַחַר י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, אֶלָּא זְמַן רַב אַחַר כָּךְ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָעִכּוּב הָיָה מִצַּד הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁלֹּא רָצְתָה לְקַבְּלוֹ מִיָּד, אֲפִלּוּ הָכִי הָוֵי גֵּט, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַבַּעַל חַי (עַיֵּן בְּב"י):

He said, "If I don't come [back] in 12 months [from now] write a Get for my wife." Or, if he says, "Write a Get and give it to my wife if I don't come [back] in 12 months, we don't write it within the 12 months, even if they don't want to give it until after 12 months. And if they write it within the 12 months, in spite of the fact that they give it to her after the 12 months, it is not a [valid] Get. [If] they wrote it and they gave it to her after 12 months, and he dies, if his death precedes the giving of the Get, it is not a [valid] Get. And if the Get [is given] before death, then it is a [valid] Get (Tur). And if there is a doubt as to which came first, then there is a doubtful divorce. Gloss: [If] they didn't give it to her immediately after 12 months, rather it was a long time afterwards, in spite of the fact that it was impeded by the wife who did not want to accept it immediately, even so it is a [valid] Get, and that is only if the husband is alive. (Go look in the Beit Yosef):

…and 2 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Even HaEzer — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0