The Rambam · Sefer Madda
הלכות תלמוד תורה ו׳Torah Study 6
Chapter 6 of 7 in Torah Study — 14 halachot
Halacha 1א׳
כָּל תַּלְמִיד חָכָם מִצְוָה לְהַדְּרוֹ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַבּוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט לב) "מִפְּנֵי שֵׂיבָה תָּקוּם וְהָדַרְתָּ פְּנֵי זָקֵן". זָקֵן זֶה שֶׁקָּנָה חָכְמָה. וּמֵאֵימָתַי חַיָּבִין לַעֲמֹד מִפָּנָיו. מִשֶּׁיִּקְרַב מִמֶּנּוּ בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר מִכְּנֶגֶד פָּנָיו:
It is a duty to honour every scholar, even if he is not one's teacher, as it is said, "Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of the old man" (Lev. 19.32). The word Zaken (rendered "old man" refers to one who has acquired wisdom. When ought people to rise up before him ? At the moment that he has approached within four cubits, (and they should keep standing) till he has passed out of sight.
Halacha 2ב׳
אֵין עוֹמְדִין מִפָּנָיו לֹא בְּבֵית הַמֶּרְחָץ וְלֹא בְּבֵית הַכִּסֵּא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט לב) "תָּקוּם וְהָדַרְתָּ" קִימָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ הִדּוּר. וְאֵין בַּעֲלֵי אֻמָּנֻיּוֹת חַיָּבִין לַעֲמֹד מִפְּנֵי תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעוֹסְקִין בִּמְלַאכְתָּן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר תָּקוּם וְהָדַרְתָּ מַה הִדּוּר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ חֶסְרוֹן כִּיס אַף קִימָה שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ חֶסְרוֹן כִּיס. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲצִים עֵינָיו מִן הֶחָכָם כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֵהוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲמֹד מִפָּנָיו. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְיָרֵאתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶיךָ. הָא כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מָסוּר לַלֵּב נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ וְיָרֵאתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶיךָ:
This courtesy is not to be observed in a bath-house nor in a latrine, for it is said, "Thou shalt rise up and honour" (Lev. 19:32); the courtesy of rising must be such as to express honour. Labourers, at the time when they are working, need not rise up before scholars, as it is said "Thou shalt rise up and honour"; even as the "honouring" enjoined does not involve a monetary loss, so the courtesy of rising before the scholar is only required when it does not involve a monetary loss. And whence do we know that one should not shut one's eyes when a scholar passes, so as not to see him and thus evade the obligation of standing up before him ? It is inferred from the text "And thou shalt fear thy God" (Lev. 19:32); wherever the fulfilment of a duty is left to the conscience, the exhortation is added "Thou shalt fear thy God".
Halacha 3ג׳
אֵין רָאוּי לֶחָכָם שֶׁיַּטְרִיחַ אֶת הָעָם וִיכַוֵּן עַצְמוֹ לָהֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעַמְדוּ מִפָּנָיו אֶלָּא יֵלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ קְצָרָה וּמִתְכַּוֵּן שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאוּ אוֹתוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַטְרִיחֵן לַעֲמֹד. וְהַחֲכָמִים הָיוּ מַקִּיפִין וְהוֹלְכִין בְּדֶרֶךְ הַחִיצוֹנָה שֶׁאֵין מַכִּירֵיהֶן מְצוּיִין שָׁם כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַטְרִיחוּם:
It is improper for a sage to put the people to inconvenience by deliberately passing before them, so that they should have to stand up before him. He should use a short route and endeavour to avoid notice so that they should not be troubled to stand up. The sages were wont to use circuitous and exterior paths, where they were not likely to meet those who might recognise them, so as not to trouble them.
Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain
English: The Mishneh Torah by Maimonides, tr. Moses Hyamson, 1937-1949 — public domain