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The Rambam · Sefer Madda

הלכות תלמוד תורה ג׳Torah Study 3

Chapter 3 of 7 in Torah Study — 13 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

בִּשְׁלשָׁה כְּתָרִים נִכְתְּרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל. כֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה וְכֶתֶר כְּהֻנָּה וְכֶתֶר מַלְכוּת. כֶּתֶר כְּהֻנָּה זָכָה בּוֹ אַהֲרֹן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כה יג) "וְהָיְתָה לּוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו בְּרִית כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם". כֶּתֶר מַלְכוּת זָכָה בּוֹ דָּוִד שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים פט לז) "זַרְעוֹ לְעוֹלָם יִהְיֶה וְכִסְאוֹ כַשֶּׁמֶשׁ נֶגְדִּי". כֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה הֲרֵי מֻנָּח וְעוֹמֵד וּמוּכָן לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לג ד) "תּוֹרָה צִוָּה לָנוּ משֶׁה מוֹרָשָׁה קְהִלַּת יַעֲקֹב". כָּל מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה יָבוֹא וְיִטּל. שֶׁמָּא תֹּאמַר שֶׁאוֹתָם הַכְּתָרִים גְּדוֹלִים מִכֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה. הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (משלי ח טו) "בִּי מְלָכִים יִמְלֹכוּ וְרוֹזְנִים יְחֹקְקוּ צֶדֶק" (משלי ח טז) "בִּי שָׂרִים יָשֹׂרוּ". הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁכֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה גָּדוֹל מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם:

Israel is crowned with three crowns: the crown of Torah, the crown of Priesthood, and the crown of Kingship. Aharon merited the crown of Priesthood, as it says (Numbers 25:13), "And the covenant of the Priesthood became his (Aharon's) and his descendant's forever." David merited the crown of Kingship, as it says (Psalms 89:37), "His descendants will exist forever and his throne will be considered like the sun before me." Behold, the crown of Torah stands ready for all of Israel [to take], as it says (Deuteronomy 33:4), "The Torah was commanded by Moshe as an inheritance for the congregation of Yaakov." [Meaning] anyone who desires can come and take it. Perhaps you will entertain the possibility (lit. "say") that the other crowns are more significant than the crown of Torah? Now, [regarding the crown of Torah] it says (Proverbs 8:15-16), "Through me (the Torah), kings will reign and nobles will legislate righteousness. Through me (the Torah), officers are granted authority." [From here] one learns that the crown of Torah is greater than the other two (the crown of Kingship and Priesthood).

Halacha 2ב׳

אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים מַמְזֵר תַּלְמִיד חָכָם קוֹדֵם לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל עַם הָאָרֶץ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג טו) "יְקָרָה הִיא מִפְּנִינִים". מִכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁנִּכְנָס לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים:

The Sage said: a mamzer [one born through incest or adultery] who is a scholar takes precedence over a high priest who is ignorant, as was said: "she is more precious than jewels" (Prov. 3:15) - from a high priest who enters the innermost sanctuary.

Halacha 3ג׳

אֵין לְךָ מִצְוָה בְּכָל הַמִּצְוֹת כֻּלָּן שֶׁהִיא שְׁקוּלָה כְּנֶגֶד תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה אֶלָּא תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה כְּנֶגֶד כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת כֻּלָּן שֶׁהַתַּלְמוּד מֵבִיא לִידֵי מַעֲשֶׂה. לְפִיכָךְ הַתַּלְמוּד קוֹדֵם לְמַעֲשֵׂה בְּכָל מָקוֹם:

You have no commandment among all the commandments that has a weight equal to Torah study; rather, Torah study is equal to all the commandments in that study brings one to deeds. Therefore, study takes precedence over deeds in every regard.

…and 8 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0