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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות שקלים א׳Sheqel Dues 1

Chapter 1 of 4 in Sheqel Dues — 10 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה מִן הַתּוֹרָה לִתֵּן כָּל אִישׁ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל בְּכָל שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה. אֲפִלּוּ עָנִי הַמִּתְפַּרְנֵס מִן הַצְּדָקָה חַיָּב. וְשׁוֹאֵל מֵאֲחֵרִים אוֹ מוֹכֵר כְּסוּת שֶׁעַל כְּתֵפוֹ וְנוֹתֵן מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל כֶּסֶף שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ל טו) "הֶעָשִׁיר לֹא יַרְבֶּה וְהַדַּל לֹא יַמְעִיט" וְגוֹ'. וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתְנוֹ בִּפְעָמִים רַבּוֹת הַיּוֹם מְעַט וּלְמָחָר מְעַט אֶלָּא נוֹתְנוֹ כֻּלּוֹ כְּאַחַת בְּפַעַם אַחַת:

It is a positive commandment from the Torah for every man of Israel to give half a shekel in each and every year. Even a poor man who is sustained from charity is liable; and he asks from others, or sells the garment upon his shoulder, and gives half a shekel of silver, as it is said (Exodus 30:15), "The rich shall not give more and the poor shall not give less," and so forth. And he does not give it in many instalments, a little today and a little tomorrow; rather he gives all of it together, at one time.

Halacha 2ב׳

מִנְיַן כֶּסֶף הָאָמוּר בַּתּוֹרָה בְּאוֹנֵס וּבִמְפַתֶּה וּבְמוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע וְהוֹרֵג עֶבֶד הוּא כֶּסֶף הוּא שֶׁקֶל הַנֶּאֱמָר בְּכָל מָקוֹם בַּתּוֹרָה. וּמִשְׁקָלוֹ שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וְעֶשְׂרִים שְׂעוֹרָה. וּכְבָר הוֹסִיפוּ חֲכָמִים עָלָיו וְעָשׂוּ מִשְׁקָלוֹ כְּמִשְׁקַל הַמַּטְבֵּעַ הַנִּקְרָא סֶלַע בִּזְמַן בַּיִת שֵׁנִי. וְכַמָּה הוּא מִשְׁקַל הַסֶּלַע שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וְאַרְבַּע וּשְׁמוֹנִים שְׂעוֹרָה בֵּינוֹנִית:

The silver denomination spoken about in the Torah regarding rape, seduction, one who puts out a bad name and one who kills a slave – that silver denomination is the shekel that is spoken about in every [other] place in the Torah. And its weight is three hundred and twenty barley seeds. And the Sages already added to it and made its weight [to be] like the weight of the coin called, [the] sela, at the time of the Second Temple. And how much is the weight of the sela? Three hundred eighty four medium barley grains.

Halacha 3ג׳

הַסֶּלַע אַרְבָּעָה דִּינָרִין וְהַדִּינָר שֵׁשׁ מָעִין. וּמָעָה הִיא הַנִּקְרֵאת בִּימֵי משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ גֵּרָה. וּמָעָה הִיא שְׁנֵי פּוּנְדְיוֹנִין וּפוּנְדְיוֹן שְׁנֵי אִיסָרִין. וּפְרוּטָה אַחַת מִשְּׁמוֹנָה בְּאִיסָר. נִמְצָא מִשְׁקַל הַמָּעָה וְהִיא הַגֵּרָה שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שְׂעוֹרוֹת. וּמִשְׁקַל הָאִיסָר אַרְבַּע שְׂעוֹרוֹת. וּמִשְׁקַל הַפְּרוּטָה חֲצִי שְׂעוֹרָה:

And the sela is four dinar; and a dinar is six maah. And the maah is what was called gerah in the days of Moshe, our teacher. And a maah is two fundyon; and a fundyon is two issar. And a ferutah is an eighth of an issar. It comes out that the weight of a maah – which is a gerah – is sixteen barley grains; and the weight of an issar is four barley grains; and the weight of a perutah is half a barley grain.

…and 5 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation