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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות קידוש החודש י׳Sanctification of the New Month 10

Chapter 10 of 19 in Sanctification of the New Month — 7 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

שְׁנַּת הַחַמָּה לְמִי שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר שֶׁהִיא פָּחוֹת מֵרְבִיעַ מֵחַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שס"ה יוֹם וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁעוֹת וְתתקצ"ז חֲלָקִים וּמ"ח רֶגַע. וְהָרֶגַע אֶחָד מֵע"ו בְּחֵלֶק. וּלְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן זֶה תִּהְיֶה תּוֹסֶפֶת שְׁנַת הַחַמָּה עַל שְׁנַת הַלְּבָנָה י' יָמִים וְכ"א שָׁעָה וְקכ"א חֵלֶק וּמ"ח רֶגַע. סִימָן לָהֶן יכ"א קכ"א מ"ח. וְלֹא תִּמְצָא תּוֹסֶפֶת בְּמַחֲזוֹר שֶׁל י"ט שָׁנָה כְּלָל אֶלָּא בְּכָל מַחֲזוֹר מֵהֶם יִשְׁלְמוּ שְׁנֵי הַחַמָּה עִם שְׁנֵי הַלְּבָנָה הַפְּשׁוּטוֹת וְהַמְעֵבָּרוֹת:

According to the one of the Sages that says that [the surfeit of the days of] a solar year is less than a quarter – there is someone that says that [the year] is three hundred and sixty five days, five hours, nine hundred and ninety-seven parts and forty-eight instants. And an instant is one seventy-sixth of a part. And according to this calculation, the surplus of a solar year over a lunar year is ten days, twenty-one hours and one hundred and twenty-one parts and forty-eight instants. Its symbol is 10.21.121.48. And you will not find a surplus in the cycle of nineteen years at all. Rather in each cycle, the solar years will end [together] with the simple and leap lunar years.

Halacha 2ב׳

בֵּין כָּל תְּקוּפָה וּתְקוּפָה לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן זֶה צ"א יוֹם וְז' שָׁעוֹת וְתקי"ט חֲלָקִים וְל"א רֶגַע. סִימָן לָהֶם צ"א ת"ק י"ט ל"א. וּכְשֶׁתֵּדַע תְּקוּפָה מִן הַתְּקוּפוֹת אֵימָתַי הָיְתָה. תַּחְשֹׁב מֵאוֹתוֹ רֶגַע מִנְיָן זֶה וְתֵדַע תְּקוּפָה שֶׁאַחֲרֶיהָ עַל הַדֶּרֶךְ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בִּתְקוּפַת הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁהִיא רְבִיעַ:

According to this calculation, there are ninety-one days, seven hours, five hundred and nineteen parts and thirty-one instants in each and every season. Its symbol is 91.[7.]519.31. And when you will know when one of the seasons was: You can calculate this amount from that instant and you will know the season after it – according to the way we explained about the seasons of the year [when the surfeit of the solar year] is a fourth.

Halacha 3ג׳

תְּקוּפַת נִיסָן לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן זֶה הָיְתָה בְּשָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל יְצִירָה קֹדֶם מוֹלַד נִיסָן בְּט' שָׁעוֹת וְתרמ"ב חֲלָקִים. סִימָן לָהֶם ט' תרמ"ב. וְכֵן הִיא לְעוֹלָם בְּכָל שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל כָּל מַחֲזוֹר קֹדֶם מוֹלַד נִיסָן בְּתֵשַׁע שָׁעוֹת וְתרמ"ב חֲלָקִים:

According to this calculation, the season of Nissan in the first year of creation was nine hours and six hundred and forty-two parts before the molad of Nissan. Its symbol is 9.642. And so it is always nine hours and six hundred and forty-two parts before the molad of Nissan in each first year of each cycle.

…and 2 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY