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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות שבת ה׳Sabbath 5

Chapter 5 of 30 in Sabbath — 21 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

הַדְלָ [קַ] ת נֵר בְּשַׁבָּת אֵינָהּ רְשׁוּת אִם רָצָה מַדְלִיק וְאִם רָצָה אֵינוֹ מַדְלִיק. וְלֹא מִצְוָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב לִרְדֹּף אַחֲרֶיהָ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂנָה כְּגוֹן עֵרוּבֵי חֲצֵרוֹת אוֹ נְטִילַת יָדַיִם לַאֲכִילָה אֶלָּא זֶה חוֹבָה. וְאֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים חַיָּבִין לִהְיוֹת בְּבָתֵּיהֶן נֵר דָּלוּק בְּשַׁבָּת. אֲפִלּוּ אֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל שׁוֹאֵל עַל הַפְּתָחִים וְלוֹקֵחַ שֶׁמֶן וּמַדְלִיק אֶת הַנֵּר שֶׁזֶּה בִּכְלַל עֹנֶג שַׁבָּת. וְחַיָּב לְבָרֵךְ קֹדֶם הַדְלָקָה בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר שֶׁל שַׁבָּת. כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמְּבָרֵךְ עַל כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בָּהֶם מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים:

The kindling of a lamp on the Sabbath is not optional, that if he wishes he kindles and if he wishes he does not kindle; nor is it a commandment of the kind a man is not bound to pursue until he performs it, such as eruvei chatzerot or the washing of the hands before eating; rather it is an obligation. And men and women alike are obliged that there be a lamp burning in their houses on the Sabbath. Even if a man has nothing to eat, he begs at the doors and takes oil and kindles the lamp, for this is included in the delight of the Sabbath. And he is obliged to recite a blessing before kindling: "Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to kindle the lamp of the Sabbath" — in the way that one recites a blessing over all the things in which he is obliged from the words of the Scribes.

Halacha 2ב׳

מֻתָּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּנֵר שֶׁל שַׁבָּת. וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא הַדָּבָר צָרִיךְ עִיּוּן הַרְבֵּה. אֲבָל דָּבָר שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְדַקְדֵּק בִּרְאִיָּתוֹ אָסוּר לְהַבְחִינוֹ לְאוֹר הַנֵּר גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יַטֶּה:

It is permitted to make use of the Sabbath lamp, provided the matter does not require much scrutiny; but a thing that requires close looking to make it out is forbidden to be examined by the light of the lamp, a decree lest he tilt it.

Halacha 3ג׳

הַמַּדְלִיק צָרִיךְ לְהַדְלִיק מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם קֹדֶם שְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה. וְנָשִׁים מְצֻוּוֹת עַל דָּבָר זֶה יוֹתֵר מִן הָאֲנָשִׁים לְפִי שֶׁהֵן מְצוּיוֹת בַּבָּתִּים וְהֵן הָעֲסוּקוֹת בִּמְלֶאכֶת הַבַּיִת. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן צָרִיךְ הָאִישׁ לְהַזְהִירָן וְלִבְדֹּק אוֹתָן עַל כָּךְ וְלוֹמַר לָהֶן וּלְאַנְשֵׁי בֵּיתוֹ עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת קֹדֶם שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ הַדְלִיקוּ אֶת הַנֵּר. סְפֵק חֲשֵׁכָה וְנִכְנַס הַשַּׁבָּת סָפֵק לֹא נִכְנַס אֵין מַדְלִיקִין:

One who kindles must kindle while it is still day, before the setting of the sun. And women are commanded in this matter more than men, since they are the ones commonly found in the house and the ones occupied with the work of the house. Even so, a man must caution them and examine them upon it, and say to them and to the people of his household on the eve of the Sabbath, before it grows dark, "Kindle the lamp." If it is doubtful whether it is dark, doubtful whether the Sabbath has come in or has not come in, one does not kindle.

…and 16 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation