SabbathAll 1,023 chapters of the Mishneh Torah open with Premium, from $2.60 a month.Become a premium member

The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות שבת כ״אSabbath 21

Chapter 21 of 30 in Sabbath — 36 halachot

Checking for audio…

Halacha 1א׳

נֶּאֱמַר בַּתּוֹרָה (שמות כב יב) (שמות לד כא) "תִּשְׁבֹּת" אֲפִלּוּ מִדְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵינָן מְלָאכָה חַיָּב לִשְׁבֹּת מֵהֶן. וּדְבָרִים הַרְבֵּה הֵן שֶׁאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים מִשּׁוּם שְׁבוּת. מֵהֶן דְּבָרִים אֲסוּרִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן דּוֹמִים לִמְלָאכוֹת וּמֵהֶן דְּבָרִים אֲסוּרִים גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יָבוֹא מֵהֶן אִסּוּר סְקִילָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן:

It is said in the Torah (Exodus 23:12; 34:21), "you shall rest" — even from things that are not labour a man is bound to rest. And there are many things that the Sages forbade on account of shevut, the Sabbath's own rest. Some of them are forbidden because they resemble the labours, and some of them are forbidden as a decree, lest a man come through them to a prohibition punishable by stoning. And these are they:

Halacha 2ב׳

כָּל הַמַּשְׁוֶה גֻּמּוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם חוֹרֵשׁ. לְפִיכָךְ אָסוּר לְהִפָּנוֹת בִּשְׂדֵה הַנִּירָה בְּשַׁבָּת גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יַשְׁוֶה גֻּמּוֹת. הַמְפַנֶּה אֶת הָאוֹצָר בְּשַׁבָּת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לוֹ לִדְבַר מִצְוָה כְּגוֹן שֶׁיַּכְנִיס בּוֹ אוֹרְחִים אוֹ יִקְבַּע בּוֹ מִדְרָשׁ לֹא יִגְמֹר אֶת כָּל הָאוֹצָר שֶׁמָּא יָבוֹא לְהַשְׁווֹת גֻּמּוֹת. טִיט שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי רַגְלוֹ מְקַנְּחוֹ בַּכֹּתֶל אוֹ בְּקוֹרָה אֲבָל לֹא בַּקַּרְקַע שֶׁמָּא יָבֹא לְהַשְׁווֹת גֻּמּוֹת. לֹא יָרֹק בַּקַּרְקַע וְיָשׁוּף בְּרַגְלוֹ שֶׁמָּא יַשְׁוֶה גֻּמּוֹת. וּמֻתָּר לִדְרֹס הָרֹק שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע וְהוֹלֵךְ לְפִי תֻּמּוֹ:

Whoever levels grooves in the ground is guilty of plowing [on the Sabbath]. Hence it is forbidden to defecate in a newly plowed field on Shabbat, [as a] decree lest he flattens holes. One who clears a storehouse on Shabbat because he needs it for the matter of a commandment—such as his bringing in guests or creating a study session in it—may not finish [clearing] the storehouse, lest he come to flattening holes. One may wipe off mud on the top of his foot on a wall or on a beam, but not on the ground, lest he come to flattening holes. One should not spit on the ground and smear it with his foot, lest he flatten holes. But it is permissible to innocently trample the spit on the ground and walk [on].

Halacha 3ג׳

נָשִׁים הַמְשַׂחֲקוֹת בֶּאֱגוֹזִים וּשְׁקֵדִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֲסוּרוֹת לְשַׂחֵק בָּהֶן בְּשַׁבָּת שֶׁמָּא יָבֹאוּ לְהַשְׁווֹת גֻּמּוֹת. וְאָסוּר לְכַבֵּד אֶת הַקַּרְקַע שֶׁמָּא יַשְׁוֶה גֻּמּוֹת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה רָצוּף בַּאֲבָנִים. וּמֻתָּר לְזַלֵּף מַיִם עַל גַּבֵּי הַקַּרְקַע וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא יַשְׁוֶה גֻּמּוֹת שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵינוֹ מִתְכַּוֵּן לְכָךְ. אֵין סָכִין אֶת הַקַּרְקַע וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה רָצוּף בַּאֲבָנִים וְאֵין נוֹפְחִין אוֹתוֹ וְאֵין מְדִיחִין אוֹתוֹ אֲפִלּוּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב כָּל שֶׁכֵּן בְּשַׁבָּת. שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְּחל וְיָבֹא לְהַשְׁווֹת גֻּמּוֹת בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה כֵּן בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָצוּף:

Women who play games with walnuts, almonds, and the like, must not play with these on the Sabbath, lest they level grooves [on the bare ground, which is forbidden]. It is forbidden to sweep the ground, lest one levels grooves, unless it is paved with stones. But it is permissible to sprinkle water on top of the floor, and one does not concern oneself lest he flatten holes—as he surely does not intend that. We do not smear the floors [with oil], even if it was covered with stones. We may not blow [dust off of] it, nor may we rinse it—even on a holiday, and all the more so on Shabbat. [This is so] that he not act the way he does on [weekdays] and come to flatten holes when he is doing this in a place were it is not covered with stone.

…and 31 more halachot in this chapter.

Become a premium member

Or start free — a free account opens your first 5 gematria searches in full. Create free account

The daily learning is free on your account, every day.

Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation