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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות שבת י״דSabbath 14

Chapter 14 of 30 in Sabbath — 24 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

אַרְבַע רְשׁוּיוֹת לְשַׁבָּת. רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְכַרְמְלִית וּמְקוֹם פְּטוֹר. אֵי זוֹ הִיא רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מִדְבָּרוֹת וַעֲיָרוֹת וּשְׁוָקִים וּדְרָכִים הַמְפֻלָּשִׁין לָהֶן. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה רֹחַב הַדֶּרֶךְ שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה וְלֹא יִהְיֶה עָלָיו תִּקְרָה. וְאֵי זוֹ רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד תֵּל שֶׁגָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים עַל אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יֶתֶר עַל כֵּן. וְכֵן חָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה אוֹ יֶתֶר עַל כֵּן. וְכֵן מָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא מֻקָּף אַרְבַּע מְחִצּוֹת גָּבְהָן עֲשָׂרָה וּבֵינֵיהֶן אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה אוֹ יֶתֶר עַל כֵּן אֲפִלּוּ יֵשׁ בּוֹ כַּמָּה מִילִין אִם הֻקַּף לְדִירָה כְּגוֹן מְדִינָה הַמֻּקֶּפֶת חוֹמָה שֶׁדַּלְתוֹתֶיהָ נִנְעָלוֹת בַּלַּיְלָה וּמְבוֹאוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה כְּתָלִים וְלֶחִי בְּרוּחַ רְבִיעִית. וְכֵן חָצֵר וְדִיר וְסַהַר שֶׁהֻקְּפוּ לְדִירָה כֻּלָּן רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד גְּמוּרָה הֵן:

There are four domains for the Sabbath: a private domain, a public domain, a karmelit, and a place of exemption. Which is a public domain? Deserts, and towns, and market-places, and the roads that open into them — provided that the width of the road is sixteen cubits and that there is no roofing over it. And which is a private domain? A mound that is ten handbreadths high and four handbreadths by four handbreadths wide, or more than that; and so too a trench that is ten deep and four by four wide, or more than that; and so too a place that is surrounded by four partitions ten high with four by four between them, or more than that. And even if there are in it several mil, if it was surrounded for dwelling — such as a city surrounded by a wall whose gates are locked at night, and alleys that have three walls and a side-post on the fourth side; and so too a courtyard, a fold and a pen that were surrounded for dwelling — all of them are a complete private domain.

Halacha 2ב׳

אֲפִלּוּ כֵּלִים כְּגוֹן סְפִינָה אוֹ מִגְדָּל שֶׁל עֵץ וְכַוֶּרֶת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה בְּגֹבַהּ עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ יֶתֶר עַל זֶה הֲרֵי הֵן רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד גְּמוּרָה:

2 Even vessels, such as a boat, a wooden closet, a beehive or that which is similar to them – if they have four square [handbreadths] by the height of ten [handbreadths] or more – are surely full-fledged private domains.

Halacha 3ג׳

עֳבִי הַכְּתָלִים שֶׁל רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד כִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד. לַאֲחֵרִים עוֹשֶׂה מְחִצָּה לְעַצְמוֹ לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן. אֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד כִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד עַד לָרָקִיעַ. אֲבָל אֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אֵינוֹ כִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אֶלָּא עַד עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. וּלְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה בַּאֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מְקוֹם פְּטוֹר הוּא:

3 The width of the walls of a private domain is [considered] like a private domain – it creates a separation for others, does it not all the more so create a separation for itself? The airspace of a private domain is like a private domain up until the firmament. But the airspace of a public domain in only like a public domain up until ten handbreadths. However the airspace of the public domain above ten is an exempt space.

…and 19 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation