הלכות שביתת יום טוב א׳Rest on a Holiday 1

Chapter 1 of 8 in Rest on a Holiday — 24 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים הָאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֲסָרָן הַכָּתוּב בַּעֲשִׂיַּת מְלָאכָה שֶׁהֵן רִאשׁוֹן וּשְׁבִיעִי שֶׁל פֶּסַח וְרִאשׁוֹן וּשְׁמִינִי שֶׁל חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת וּבְיוֹם חַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת וּבְאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי הֵן הַנִּקְרָאִין יָמִים טוֹבִים. וּשְׁבִיתַת כֻּלָּן שָׁוָה שֶׁהֵן אֲסוּרִין בְּכָל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה חוּץ מִמְּלָאכָה שֶׁהִיא לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יב טז) "אַךְ אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל לְכָל נֶפֶשׁ" וְגוֹ':

These six days on which Scripture prohibited labor—being the first and seventh days of Passover, the first and eighth days of Sukkot, the day of Shavuot and the first day of the seventh month (Rosh Hashanah)—are called holidays (yamim tovim). The [degree of] cessation of work is equal in all of them, in that all work is prohibited except for labor that is for the sake of eating—as it is stated (Exodus 12:16), "only anything that is eaten by any person."

Halacha 2ב׳

כָּל הַשּׁוֹבֵת מִמְּלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן הֲרֵי קִיֵּם מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁהֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר בָּהֶן (ויקרא כג כד) (ויקרא כג לט) "שַׁבָּתוֹן" כְּלוֹמַר שְׁבֹת. וְכָל הָעוֹשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן מְלָאכָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה כְּגוֹן שֶׁבָּנָה אוֹ הָרַס אוֹ אָרַג וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּאֵלּוּ הֲרֵי בִּטֵּל מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה וְעָבַר עַל לֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ. (שמות יב טז) "כָּל מְלָאכָה לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה בָהֶם". וְאִם עָשָׂה בְּעֵדִים וְהַתְרָאָה לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה:

Anyone who rests from work of labor on one of them has surely fulfilled a positive commandment; as it is surely stated about them (Leviticus 23:24), "a day of rest (shabbaton)" -meaning to say, "Rest!" And anyone who does work on one of them which is not for the sake of eating—such as [if] he built or demolished or wove or that which is similar to these—has surely negated a positive commandment and violated a negative commandment, as it is stated (Exodus 12:17), "no work shall be done on them." And if one did it [in front of] witnesses and with a warning, he is lashed from Torah writ.

Halacha 3ג׳

הָעוֹשֶׂה אֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת הַרְבֵּה בְּיוֹם טוֹב בְּהַתְרָאָה אַחַת כְּגוֹן שֶׁזָּרַע וּבָנָה וְסָתַר וְאָרַג בְּהַתְרָאָה אַחַת אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה אֶלָּא אַחַת. חִלּוּק מְלָאכוֹת לְשַׁבָּת וְאֵין חִלּוּק מְלָאכוֹת לְיוֹם טוֹב:

One who does many primary categories of forbidden work on a holiday with one warning—such as [if] he planted and built and demolished and wove with one warning—is only lashed one [set of lashes]. There is separation of forbidden types of work on Shabbat (to be liable for each one separately), but there is no separation of forbidden types of work on a holiday.

Halacha 4ד׳

כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ בְּשַׁבָּת אִם עָשָׂה אוֹתָהּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה לוֹקֶה חוּץ מִן הַהוֹצָאָה מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת וְהַהַבְעָרָה שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הוֹצָאָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה הֻתְּרָה שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה. לְפִיכָךְ מֻתָּר בְּיוֹם טוֹב לְהוֹצִיא קָטָן אוֹ סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה אוֹ מַפְתֵּחַ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בְּאֵלּוּ מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת. וְכֵן מֻתָּר לְהַבְעִיר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה. וּשְׁאָר מְלָאכוֹת כָּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ צֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה מֻתָּר כְּגוֹן שְׁחִיטָה וַאֲפִיָּה וְלִישָׁה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן צֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה אָסוּר כְּגוֹן כְּתִיבָה וַאֲרִיגָה וּבִנְיָן וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן:

Any act that is culpable on the Sabbath is punishable with lashing if it is committed on a holyday and not for the purpose of food. This does not include the prohibition against conveying objects from one domain to another, and the prohibition against starting a fire on the Sabbath. Since the transfer of objects from one domain to another has been made permissible for the purpose of preparing food, it has been made permissible even for purposes other than food preparation.— — So too, it is permissible to start a fire on a holyday even when it is not needed for the preparation of food. Other acts, however, are permissible on a holyday only when they are needed for the preparation of food; for example: slaughtering, baking, kneading, and the like. Therefore it is permitted on a holiday to bring out a child or a Torah scroll or a key, and that which is similar to these from domain to domain. --- And all things [the purpose] of which are not the sake of eating are forbidden, such as writing, and weaving, and building and that which is similar to them.

Halacha 5ה׳

כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לְהֵעָשׂוֹת מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב וְלֹא יִהְיֶה בָּהּ הֶפְסֵד וְלֹא חֶסְרוֹן אִם נַעֲשֵׂית מִבָּעֶרֶב אָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים לַעֲשׂוֹת אוֹתָהּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה. וְלָמָּה אָסְרוּ דָּבָר זֶה גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יָנִיחַ אָדָם מְלָאכוֹת שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָן מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב לְיוֹם טוֹב וְנִמְצָא יוֹם טוֹב כֻּלּוֹ הוֹלֵךְ בַּעֲשִׂיַּת אוֹתָן מְלָאכוֹת וְיִמָּנַע מִשִּׂמְחַת יוֹם טוֹב וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹ פְּנַאי לֶאֱכל:

The Sages prohibited any work on a holiday —even though it is for the sake of eating—if it can be done on the day preceding the holiday without a loss or a lack to it. And why did they forbid this thing? [As a] decree, lest one postpone the performance of work that it is possible to do from the eve of the holiday until the holiday; and it would [then] come out that the whole holiday would be spent in performing this work—so he would be prevented from enjoyment of the holiday, and he would have no free time to eat.

…and 19 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation