הלכות חמץ ומצה ו׳Leavened and Unleavened Bread 6

Chapter 6 of 9 in Leavened and Unleavened Bread — 12 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה מִן הַתּוֹרָה לֶאֱכל מַצָּה בְּלֵיל חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יב יח) "בָּעֶרֶב תֹּאכְלוּ מַצֹּת". בְּכָל מָקוֹם וּבְכָל זְמַן. וְלֹא תָּלָה אֲכִילָה זוֹ בְּקָרְבַּן הַפֶּסַח אֶלָּא זוֹ מִצְוָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ וּמִצְוָתָהּ כָּל הַלַּיְלָה. אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר הָרֶגֶל אֲכִילַת מַצָּה רְשׁוּת רָצָה אוֹכֵל מַצָּה רָצָה אוֹכֵל אֹרֶז אוֹ דֹּחַן אוֹ קְלָיוֹת אוֹ פֵּרוֹת. אֲבָל בְּלֵיל חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּלְבַד חוֹבָה. וּמִשֶּׁאָכַל כְּזַיִת יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ:

The Torah commands us to eat matzah on the night preceding the fifteenth day of Nisan, as it is written: "In the evening, you shall eat unleavened bread" (Exodus 12:18), everywhere and throughout time. It did not make this eating dependent on the Passover sacrifice. Rather this is a commandment on its own; and [the time of] its commandment is all of the night. But during the rest of the festival, the eating of matsa is optional - if he wants, he may eat matsa; [and] if he wants, he may eat rice, millet, roasted grains or fruits [instead]. However on the night of the fifteenth alone, it is an obligation. By eating a piece of matzah the size of an olive [on the night of the fifteenth] one fulfills his duty.

Halacha 2ב׳

בָּלַע מַצָּה יָצָא. בָּלַע מָרוֹר לֹא יָצָא. בָּלַע מַצָּה וּמָרוֹר כְּאֶחָד יְדֵי מַצָּה יָצָא יְדֵי מָרוֹר לֹא יָצָא. שֶׁהַמָּרוֹר כִּטְפֵלָה לַמַּצָּה. כְּרָכָן בְּסִיב וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ וּבְלָעָן אַף יְדֵי מַצָּה לֹא יָצָא:

[If] one swallowed matsa, he has fulfilled [the obligation. If] he swallowed bitter herbs, he has not fulfilled [it. If] he swallowed matsa and bitter herbs like one (at the same time), he fulfilled matsa; he did not fulfill bitter herbs - as the bitter herbs are like [something] auxiliary to the matsa. [If] he wrapped them in [palm] bast or that which is similar to it and swallowed them, he did not even fulfill matsa.

Halacha 3ג׳

אָכַל מַצָּה בְּלֹא כַּוָּנָה כְּגוֹן שֶׁאֲנָסוּהוּ עַכּוּ"ם אוֹ לִסְטִים לֶאֱכֹל יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. אָכַל כְּזַיִת מַצָּה וְהוּא נִכְפֶּה בְּעֵת שְׁטוּתוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִתְרַפֵּא חַיָּב לֶאֱכל אַחַר שֶׁנִּתְרַפֵּא. לְפִי שֶׁאוֹתָהּ אֲכִילָה הָיְתָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיָה פָּטוּר מִכָּל הַמִּצְוֹת:

[If] he ate matsa without intent - such as if idolaters or brigands forced him to eat [it] - he has fulfilled his obligation. [If] he was epileptic and ate a kazayit of matsa at the time of his seizure, and was healed afterwards - he is obligated to eat [it again] after he was healed. For the first eating was at a time when he was exempt from all of the commandments.

Halacha 4ד׳

אֵין אָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבַת אֲכִילַת מַצָּה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן אֲכָלָהּ מֵאֶחָד מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טז ג) "לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּאכַל עָלָיו מַצּוֹת". דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים לִידֵי חִמּוּץ אִם אֲכָלָן מַצָּה יָצָא בָּהֶן יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ אֲבָל שְׁאָר דְּבָרִים כְּגוֹן אֹרֶז וְדֹחַן וְקִטְנִיּוֹת אֵין יוֹצֵא בָּהֶן יְדֵי מַצָּה לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן חָמֵץ:

4 One only fulfills the obligation of eating matsa if he ate it from one of the five species [of grain], as it is stated (Deuteronomy 16:3), "You shall not eat chamets upon it; for seven days you shall eat matsas upon it": One fulfills his obligation if he eats matsa [from] things that come to being leavened. But he does not fulfill matsa [with] other things - such as rice, millet and legumes - since there is no chamets with them.

Halacha 5ה׳

הָעוֹשֶׂה עִסָּה מִן הַחִטִּים וּמִן הָאֹרֶז אִם יֵשׁ בָּהּ טַעַם דָּגָן יוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. עִסַּת הַכְּלָבִים בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָרוֹעִים אוֹכְלִין מִמֶּנָּה יוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. אֵין הָרוֹעִים אוֹכְלִין מִמֶּנָּה אֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא בָּהּ שֶׁאֵין זוֹ מְשֻׁמֶּרֶת לְשֵׁם מַצָּה. מַצָּה שֶׁלָּשָׁהּ בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת יוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפֶסַח. אֲבָל אֵין לָשִׁין אוֹתָהּ בְּיַיִן אוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן אוֹ חָלָב מִשּׁוּם (דברים טז ג) "לֶחֶם עֹנִי" כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. וְאִם לָשׁ וְאָכַל לֹא יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. אֵין יוֹצְאִין לֹא בְּפַת מֻרְסָן וְלֹא בְּפַת סֻבִּין. אֲבָל לָשׁ הוּא אֶת הַקֶּמַח בַּסֻּבִּין שֶׁלּוֹ וּבְמוּרְסָנוֹ וְעוֹשֵׂהוּ פַּת וְיוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. וְכֵן פַּת סלֶת נְקִיָּה בְּיוֹתֵר הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת וְיוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפֶסַח וְאֵין אוֹמְרִין בָּהּ אֵין זֶה לֶחֶם עֹנִי:

[In a case of] one who makes a dough from wheat and from rice (together): If there is the taste of grain in it, he has fulfilled his obligation. One may fulfill his obligation from'dog's dough,' if he ate from it at a time when the shepherds [also] eat from it. [But if] the shepherds are not eating from it, he does not fulfill [his obligation] with it - for it is [then] not guarded for the sake of [the commandment of] matsa. One may fulfill his obligation on Passover [with] matsa that was kneaded with fruit juice. But we may not knead it with wine or oil or milk, on account of 'bread of poverty' - as we explained. And if he did knead [with them] and ate [it], he has not fulfilled his obligation. We do not fulfill [our obligation] with coarse bran [matsa], nor with bran [matsa]. But [if] he kneaded the dough [together] with its bran and with its coarse bran and made it [mastsa] bread, he fulfills his obligation. And likewise is very clean fine flour permissible and he may fulfill his obligation on Passover with it. And we do not say about it [that] this is not 'bread of poverty.'

…and 7 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation