הלכות חמץ ומצה א׳Leavened and Unleavened Bread 1

Halacha 1א׳

כָּל הָאוֹכֵל כְּזַיִת חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח מִתְּחִלַּת לֵיל חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר עַד סוֹף יוֹם אֶחָד וְעֶשְׂרִים בְּנִיסָן בְּמֵזִיד חַיָּב כָּרֵת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יב טו) "כִּי כָּל אֹכֵל חָמֵץ וְנִכְרְתָה". בְּשׁוֹגֵג חַיָּב קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת קְבוּעָה. אֶחָד הָאוֹכֵל וְאֶחָד הַמְמַחֶה וְשׁוֹתֶה:

Anyone who volitionally eats a kazayit (the size of a large olive) of chamets (leavened foods) on Passover - from the beginning of the night of the 15th until the end of the day of the 21st of Nissan is liable for excision - as it is stated (Exodus 12:15), "for anyone who eats chamets, [that soul] will be cut off." Inadvertently - one is liable for a fixed sin-offering. It is the same [for] one who eats [it] and one who liquefies [it] and drinks [it].

Halacha 2ב׳

הֶחָמֵץ בַּפֶּסַח אָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יג ג) "לֹא יֵאָכֵל חָמֵץ" לֹא יְהֵא בּוֹ הֶתֵּר אֲכִילָה. וְהַמַּנִּיחַ חָמֵץ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ בְּפֶסַח אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא אֲכָלוֹ עוֹבֵר בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוִין שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יג ז) (דברים טז ד) "לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר בְּכָל גְּבֻלֶךָ" וְנֶאֱמַר (שמות יב יט) "שְׂאֹר לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּבָתֵּיכֶם". וְאִסּוּר הֶחָמֵץ וְאִסּוּר הַשְּׂאוֹר שֶׁבּוֹ מַחְמִיצִין אֶחָד הוּא:

It is forbidden to derive benefit [from] chamets on Passover. As it is stated (Exodus 13:3), "no chamets shall be eaten" - there shall be no dispensation for eating it. And one who leaves chamets in his domain on Passover - even though he did not eat it - transgresses two commandments, as it is stated (Exodus 13:7; Deuteronomy 16:4) "leaven shall not be seen in all of your border"; and as it is stated (Exodus 12:19) "leaven shall not be found in your houses." And the prohibition of chamets and the prohibition of leaven with which we rise [foods] is the same.

Halacha 3ג׳

אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה מִשּׁוּם לֹא יֵרָאֶה וְ(שמות יב יט) "לֹא יִמָּצֵא" אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן קָנָה חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח אוֹ חִמְצוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בּוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה לוֹ חָמֵץ קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח וּבָא הַפֶּסַח וְלֹא בִּעֲרוֹ אֶלָּא הִנִּיחוֹ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָבַר עַל שְׁנֵי לָאוִין אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה בּוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה. וּמַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:

One is not lashed [from Torah writ] on account of "[it] shall not be found, [it] shall not be seen," unless he bought chamets on Passover or he made it rise - in order that he do an act upon it. But if he had chamets from before Passover; and [when] Passover came, he did not destroy it but rather left it in his domain, he is not lashed from Torah writ - even though he transgressed two negative commandments - since he did not do an act. However we strike him with lashes for rebellion.