הלכות חגיגה ב׳Festival Offering 2

Halacha 1א׳

נָּשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים פְּטוּרִין מִן הָרְאִיָּה. וְכָל הָאֲנָשִׁים חַיָּבִים בִּרְאִיָּה חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ וְאִלֵּם וְשׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן וְסוּמָא וְחִגֵּר וְטָמֵא וְעָרֵל. וְכֵן הַזָּקֵן וְהַחוֹלֶה וְהָרַךְ וְהֶעָנֹג מְאֹד שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לַעֲלוֹת עַל רַגְלֵיהֶן כָּל אֵלּוּ הָאַחַד עָשָׂר פְּטוּרִין. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הָאֲנָשִׁים חַיָּבִין בִּרְאִיָּה. הַחֵרֵשׁ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מְדַבֵּר אֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ בְּאָזְנוֹ אַחַת פָּטוּר מִן הָרְאִיָּה. וְכֵן הַסּוּמָא בְּעֵינוֹ אַחַת. אוֹ חִגֵּר בְּרַגְלוֹ אַחַת פָּטוּר. הָאִלֵּם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹמֵעַ פָּטוּר. טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוּס פְּטוּרִין מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן סְפֵק אִשָּׁה. מִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶּן חוֹרִין פָּטוּר מִפְּנֵי צַד עַבְדוּת שֶׁבּוֹ. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁכָּל אֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִין מִן הָרְאִיָּה. הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (שמות כג יז) (שמות לד כג) (דברים טז טז) "יֵרָאֶה כָּל זְכוּרְךָ" לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַנָּשִׁים. וּמִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁאֵין הַנָּשִׁים חַיָּבוֹת בָּהּ אֵין הָעֲבָדִים חַיָּבִים בָּהּ. וְעוֹד הֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר בְּבוֹא כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוֹצִיא הָעֲבָדִים. וְנֶאֱמַר (דברים לא יא) "בְּבוֹא כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵרָאוֹת". כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהֵן בָּאִין לְהֵרָאוֹת לִפְנֵי ה' כָּךְ הֵם בָּאִים לִרְאוֹת הֲדַר קָדְשׁוֹ וּבֵית שְׁכִינָתוֹ. לְהוֹצִיא סוּמָא שֶׁאֵינוֹ רוֹאֶה. אֲפִלּוּ נִסְמֵית עֵינוֹ אַחַת שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין רְאִיָּתוֹ שְׁלֵמָה. וְשָׁם נֶאֱמַר (דברים לא יב) "לְמַעַן יִשְׁמְעוּ". לְהוֹצִיא מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ שְׁמִיעָה גְּמוּרָה. (דברים לא יב) "וּלְמַעַן יִלְמְדוּ". לְהוֹצִיא מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְדַבֵּר. שֶׁכָּל הַמְצֻוֶּה לִלְמֹד מְצֻוֶּה לְלַמֵּד. וְנֶאֱמַר (שמות לד כד) "בַּעֲלֹתְךָ לֵרָאוֹת אֶת פְּנֵי ה'" מִי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַעֲלוֹת בְּרַגְלָיו לְהוֹצִיא חִגֵּר וְחוֹלֶה וְזָקֵן וְעָנֹג. וּכְבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת בִּיאַת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁאֵין הַטָּמֵא רָאוּי לְבִיאָה וְכֵן הֶעָרֵל מָאוּס כְּטָמֵא:

Women and slaves are exempt from appearing at the Temple. All men are obligated to appear, except for one who is deaf, one who is mute, one who is not of sound mind, a minor, one who is blind, one who is lame, one who is impure and one who is uncircumcised; and likewise the aged, the sick, the frail and the very delicate, who cannot go up on their own feet. All these eleven are exempt, and every other man is obligated to appear. One who is deaf is exempt from appearing even though he speaks, and even if he is deaf in one ear only. So too one blind in one eye, or lame in one leg, is exempt. One who is mute is exempt even though he hears. One of indeterminate sex and a hermaphrodite are exempt, because they may be women. One who is half slave and half free is exempt, on account of the servitude in him. And from where do we know that all these are exempt from appearing? Scripture says (Exodus 23:17; 34:23; Deuteronomy 16:16), "All your males shall appear" — to exclude women; and a positive commandment in which women are not obligated, slaves are not obligated in either. Further, it is said, "when all Israel comes" — to exclude slaves. And it is said (Deuteronomy 31:11), "when all Israel comes to appear": just as they come to be seen before the Lord, so they come to see the splendour of His holiness and the house of His Presence — to exclude one who is blind and does not see, even if only one of his eyes has been blinded, since his sight is not whole. And it is said there (Deuteronomy 31:12), "so that they may hear" — to exclude one whose hearing is not complete; "and so that they may learn" — to exclude one who does not speak, for whoever is commanded to learn is commanded to teach. And it is said (Exodus 34:24), "when you go up to appear before the Lord" — one who is able to go up on his own feet, to exclude the lame, the sick, the aged and the delicate. And we have already explained in the Laws of Admission into the Sanctuary that one who is impure is not fit to enter; and the uncircumcised is repugnant like one who is impure.

Halacha 2ב׳

הַמְקַמֵּץ וְהוּא שֶׁמְּלַאכְתוֹ לְקַבֵּץ צוֹאַת כְּלָבִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן לְעַבֵּד הָעוֹרוֹת אוֹ לִרְפוּאָה. וְכֵן הַמְצָרֵף נְחשֶׁת בְּמַחְצָב שֶׁלּוֹ וְהָעַבְּדָנִין. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מְאוּסִין מִפְּנֵי מְלַאכְתָּן הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְטַהֲרִין גּוּפָן וּמַלְבּוּשָׁן וְעוֹלִין בִּכְלַל יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵרָאוֹת:

The dung-gatherer, whose trade is to collect the dung of dogs and the like for tanning hides or for medicine; and likewise one who smelts copper at its quarry, and the tanners — although they are repugnant on account of their trade, they cleanse their bodies and their clothing and go up together with all Israel to appear.

Halacha 3ג׳

כָּל קָטָן שֶׁיָּכוֹל לֶאֱחֹז בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיו וְלַעֲלוֹת מִיְּרוּשָׁלַיִם לְהַר הַבַּיִת אָבִיו חַיָּב לְהַעֲלוֹתוֹ וּלְהֵרָאוֹת בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַנְּכוֹ בְּמִצְוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כג יז) (שמות לד כג) (דברים טז טז) "יֵרָאֶה כָּל זְכוּרְךָ". וְאִם הָיָה הַקָּטָן חִגֵּר אוֹ סוּמָא אוֹ חֵרֵשׁ אֲפִלּוּ בְּאַחַת אֵינוֹ חַיָּב לְחַנְּכוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לִרְפוּאָה שֶׁאִלּוּ הָיָה גָּדוֹל וְהוּא כָּךְ הָיָה פָּטוּר כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:

Every minor who is able to hold his father's hand and go up from Jerusalem to the Temple Mount — his father is obligated to bring him up and to have him appear there, in order to train him in the commandments, as it is said (Exodus 23:17; 34:23; Deuteronomy 16:16), "All your males shall appear." And if the minor was lame, or blind, or deaf, even in one limb or one sense only, his father is not obligated to train him, even though he may yet be healed; for were he grown and in that condition he would be exempt, as we have explained.