הלכות טומאת מת י״דDefilement by a Corpse 14

Halacha 1א׳

אֵין טֻמְאָה נִכְנֶסֶת לְאֹהֶל וְלֹא יוֹצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ בְּפָחוֹת מטֶּפַח עַל טֶפַח. כֵּיצַד. חַלּוֹן שֶׁבֵּין בַּיִת לְבַיִת אוֹ שֶׁבֵּין בַּיִת לַעֲלִיָּה. אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח מְרֻבָּע וְהָיְתָה טֻמְאָה בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן הַבַּיִת הַשֵּׁנִי טָמֵא. אֵין בַּחַלּוֹן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח אֵין הַטֻּמְאָה יוֹצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ וְלֹא נִכְנֶסֶת לָאֹהֶל הַשֵּׁנִי. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּחַלּוֹן שֶׁעָשָׂה אוֹתוֹ הָאָדָם לְתַשְׁמִישׁ. אֲבָל חַלּוֹן שֶׁעָשָׂה אוֹתוֹ הָאָדָם לְאוֹרָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס מִמֶּנּוּ הָאוֹר שִׁעוּרוֹ כְּפוּנְדְיוֹן וְהַטֻּמְאָה יוֹצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ. כֵּיצַד. הָיְתָה טֻמְאָה בַּבַּיִת וּבָא אָדָם וְנִסְמַךְ לְחַלּוֹן זֶה שֶׁל מָאוֹר אוֹ שֶׁהִנִּיחַ בּוֹ כְּלִי אוֹ שֶׁהֶאֱהִיל עָלָיו אֹהֶל בְּצַד הַכֹּתֶל נִטְמָא כָּל שֶׁבְּאֹהֶל שֶׁהַטֻּמְאָה יוֹצְאָה לוֹ. וְחַלּוֹן הֶעָשׂוּי לְאוֹרָה הוּא שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו תִּקְרָה אֶלָּא גָּלוּי הוּא לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ:

Impurity neither enters a tent nor goes out from it through less than a handbreadth by a handbreadth. How so? A window that is between one house and another, or between a house and an upper storey: if there is in it a handbreadth by a handbreadth square, and there was impurity in one of them, the second house is impure. If the window has not an opening of a handbreadth, the impurity does not go out from it and does not enter the second tent. To what does this apply? To a window that a man made for use. But a window that a man made for light, so that the light should enter through it, its measure is the size of a pundyon, a small coin, and the impurity goes out through it. How so? If there was impurity in the house and a man came and leaned against this window of light, or set a vessel in it, or spread a tent over it beside the wall, everything that is in the tent to which the impurity goes out has become impure. And a window made for light is one that has no ceiling over it but is open to the sun.

Halacha 2ב׳

חַלּוֹן הַנַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁלֹּא בִּידֵי אָדָם כְּגוֹן שֶׁחָרְרוּהוּ מַיִם אוֹ שְׁרָצִים אוֹ שֶׁאֲכָלַתּוּ מְלַחַת אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה חַלּוֹן פָּקוּק וְנִטַּל הַפְּקָק אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה בּוֹ זְכוּכִית וְנִשְׁבְּרָה שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא אֶגְרוֹף וְהוּא כְּרֹאשׁ גָּדוֹל שֶׁל אָדָם. וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא חָשַׁב עָלָיו לְתַשְׁמִישׁ אֲבָל אִם חָשַׁב עָלָיו לְתַשְׁמִישׁ שִׁעוּרוֹ בְּפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לְמָאוֹר שִׁעוּרוֹ בְּפוּנְדְיוֹן שֶׁהַמַּחְשָׁבָה כָּאן כְּמַעֲשֶׂה:

A window that came to be not by human hands — such as one that water bored out, or that creeping things bored out, or that saltpetre ate away; or a window that was stopped up and the stopper was removed; or one in which there was glass and it was broken — its measure is the fullness of a fist, and that is like a man's large head. And that is when he did not have use in mind for it; but if he had use in mind for it, its measure is an opening of a handbreadth. If he had light in mind for it, its measure is the size of a pundyon, since intention here is as an act.

Halacha 3ג׳

מָאוֹר שֶׁהִתְחִיל לְסָתְמוֹ וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְגָמְרוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לוֹ טִיט אוֹ שֶׁקְּרָאוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ אוֹ שֶׁחָשְׁכָה לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת וְנִשְׁאַר מִמֶּנּוּ מְעַט. אִם נִשְׁאַר מִמֶּנּוּ רוּם אֶצְבָּעַיִם עַל רֹחַב הַגּוּדָל מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן הֲרֵי הוּא כְּסָתוּם:

A light-window that he began to stop up and did not manage to finish, because he had no clay, or because his fellow called him, or because darkness fell on the eve of the Sabbath, and a little of it remained: if there remained of it two fingerbreadths in height by the width of a thumb, it brings the impurity; less than this, it is as though it were stopped up.