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The Rambam · Sefer Ahavah

הלכות מילה א׳Circumcision 1

Chapter 1 of 3 in Circumcision — 18 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

מילה מצות עשה שחייבין עליה כרת שנאמר וערל זכר אשר לא ימול את בשר ערלתו ונכרתה הנפש ההוא מעמיה ומצוה על האב למול את בנו ועל הרב למול את עבדיו יליד בית ומקנת כסף עבר האב או האדון ולא מל אותן ביטל מצות עשה ואינו חייב כרת שאין הכרת תלוי אלא בערל עצמו ובית דין מצווים למול אותו הבן או העבד בזמנו ולא יניחו ערל בישראל ולא בעבדיהן.

Circumcision is an affirmative precept, the neglect of which entails the penalty of excision, as it is said, "And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin—that soul shall be cut off from his people" (Gen. 17:14). It is a duty incumbent upon the father to circumcise his son, and upon the master to circumcise his male slave, whether "born in the house" or bought with money. If the father or master failed to perform the circumcision, he has neglected the fulfillment of an affirmative precept but has not incurred the penalty of excision, to which only the uncircumcised person is made liable. In such case of neglect, the court is charged with the duty of circumcising the infant or slave at the appointed time, and must not leave any male uncircumcised among the Israelites or their slaves.

Halacha 2ב׳

אין מלין בנו של אדם שלא מדעתו אלא אם כן עבר ונמנע למולו שבית דין מלין אותו בעל כרחו נתעלם מבית דין ולא מלו אותו כשיגדל הוא חייב למול את עצמו וכל יום ויום שיעבור עליו משיגדל ולא ימול את עצמו הרי הוא מבטל מצות עשה אבל אינו חייב כרת עד שימות והוא ערל במזיד.

A male infant is not circumcised without the father's knowledge, unless the latter has neglected his duty and refrained from circumcising it. In this case, the Court has it circumcised even against the father's will. Should the child have escaped the notice of the Court, so that it did not have the child circumcised, then that person is under an obligation, when he grows up, to have himself circumcised. Every day that passes, after he is grown up, that he remains uncircumcised, he is neglecting the fulfillment of an affirmative precept. He does not however incur the penalty of excision till he has died, having wilfully remained uncircumcised.

Halacha 3ג׳

אחד עבד שנולד ברשות ישראל ואחד עבד הנלקח מן הכותים חייב הרב למול אותן אלא שיליד בית נימול לשמנה ומקנת כסף נימול ביום שנלקח אפילו לקחו ביום שנולד נימול ביומו.

The master is under an obligation to circumcise his male slaves, whether at birth they were his property or whether they had been acquired from a non-Israelite. There is a distinction however between these cases. A slave born in an Israelite's home is circumcised on the eighth day after birth; the slave bought with money, on the day that he is bought. Even if he was born on the day he was bought, he is circumcised on the same day.

…and 13 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Hebrew Wikisource edition, via Sefaria — CC BY-SA

English: The Mishneh Torah by Maimonides, tr. Moses Hyamson, 1937-1949 — public domain