תמורה ה׳Temurah 5

Mishnah 1א׳

כֵּיצַד מַעֲרִימִים עַל הַבְּכוֹר. מְבַכֶּרֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת, אוֹמֵר, מַה שֶּׁבְּמֵעֶיהָ שֶׁל זוֹ, אִם זָכָר, עוֹלָה, יָלְדָה זָכָר, יִקְרַב עוֹלָה. וְאִם נְקֵבָה, זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָלְדָה נְקֵבָה, תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. אִם זָכָר עוֹלָה, אִם נְקֵבָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָלְדָה זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, הַזָּכָר יִקְרַב עוֹלָה, וְהַנְּקֵבָה תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים:

How may one act cleverly [to circumvent the law] regarding a firstborn [animal]? [One owns] a pregnant animal about to give birth for the first time, and says, "Whatever is inside of this [animal], if it is a male, [it is dedicated] as an Olah [offering that is entirely burnt]" - if it gives birth to a male, it [the newborn animal] is offered as an Olah. [If he says,] "[If] it is a female, [it is dedicated] as a Shelamim [an offering whose various parts are consumed by its owners, the Kohanim and the fire on the altar]" - if it gives birth to a female, it is offered as a Shelamim. [If he says,] "[If] it is a male, [it is dedicated] as an Olah; if it is a female, [it is dedicated] as a Shelamim" - if it gives birth to a male and a female, the male is an Olah and the female a Shelamim.

Mishnah 2ב׳

יָלְדָה שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים, אַחַד מֵהֶן יִקְרַב עוֹלָה, וְהַשֵּׁנִי יִמָּכֵר לְחַיָּבֵי עוֹלָה, וְדָמָיו חֻלִּין. יָלְדָה שְׁתֵּי נְקֵבוֹת, אַחַת מֵהֶן תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה תִּמָּכֵר לְחַיָּבֵי שְׁלָמִים, וְדָמֶיהָ חֻלִּין. יָלְדָה טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵין קְדֻשָּׁה חָלָה עֲלֵיהֶן:

If an animal gives birth to two males, one is offered as an Olah and the second is sold to one who needs to offer an Olah, and its payment is not holy. If it gave birth to two females, one is offered as a Shelamim and the second is sold to one who needs to offer a Shelamim, and the money is not holy. If it gave birth to a tumtum [person (or animal) with recessed sexual organs whose gender is therefore impossible to determine, presently, by external examination. It is halachically uncertain whether such is male or female], or an androginos [person (or animal) with both male and female sexual organs. It is halachically uncertain whether such is male, female or, perhaps, has a uniquely defined halachic gender], Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: holiness does not take effect regarding them.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הָאוֹמֵר, וְלָדָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ עוֹלָה וְהִיא שְׁלָמִים, דְּבָרָיו קַיָּמִים. הִיא שְׁלָמִים וּוְלָדָהּ עוֹלָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ וְלַד שְׁלָמִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אִם לְכֵן נִתְכַּוֵּן מִתְּחִלָּה, הוֹאִיל וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לִקְרוֹת שְׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת כְּאַחַת, דְּבָרָיו קַיָּמִים. וְאִם מִשֶּׁאָמַר הֲרֵי זוֹ שְׁלָמִים, נִמְלַךְ וְאָמַר וְלָדָהּ עוֹלָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ וְלַד שְׁלָמִים:

If one says, "This animal's fetus is an Olah, and [the animal] is a Shelamim," - his words stand; "[This animal] is a Shelamim, and its fetus is an Olah," the fetus is a Shelamim - [these are] the words of Rabbi Meir; Rabbi Yosi says: If this is what he originally intended [that the fetus would be an Olah], then, since it is [physically] impossible to pronounce two names at one time, his words stand; if, when he said "this is a Shelamim," he then changed his mind and said [i.e., added], "the fetus is an Olah," then the fetus is a Shelamim.

Mishnah 4ד׳

הֲרֵי זוֹ תְמוּרַת עוֹלָה וּתְמוּרַת שְׁלָמִים, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְמוּרַת עוֹלָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אִם לְכֵן נִתְכַּוֵּן מִתְּחִלָּה, הוֹאִיל וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לִקְרוֹת שְׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת כְּאַחַת, דְּבָרָיו קַיָּמִין. וְאִם מִשֶּׁאָמַר תְּמוּרַת עוֹלָה, נִמְלַךְ וְאָמַר, תְּמוּרַת שְׁלָמִים, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְמוּרַת עוֹלָה:

[If one said], "This [animal] is [both] a substitute for an Olah and a substitute for a Shelamim," then it is a substitute for the Olah - [these are] the words of Rabbi Meir; Rabbi Yosi says: If this is what he intended originally, then since it is [physically] impossible to pronounce two names at one time, his words stand; if, when he said "[This animal is] a substitute for an Olah," he then changed his mind and said [i.e., added], "[This animal is] a substitute for a Shelamim," then it is a substitute for an Olah.

Mishnah 5ה׳

הֲרֵי זוֹ תַחַת זוֹ, תְּמוּרַת זוֹ, חֲלוּפַת זוֹ, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְמוּרָה. זוֹ מְחֻלֶּלֶת עַל זוֹ, אֵינוֹ תְמוּרָה. וְאִם הָיָה הֶקְדֵּשׁ בַּעַל מוּם, יוֹצֵא לְחֻלִּין וְצָרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת דָּמִים:

[If one said], "This [animal] instead of that," "as a substitute for that," "as an exchange for that," then [this animal] is a substitute [for that animal]; [if he said], "[This animal] has its sanctity transferred onto that one," then [this animal] is not a substitute; if [, however, this animal] was a [sanctified] animal with a blemish, then it [does] lose its sanctity [upon that substituted animal], and [the owner] needs to make [restitution for any difference in] price.

Mishnah 6ו׳

הֲרֵי זוֹ תַחַת חַטָּאת, וְתַחַת עוֹלָה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. תַּחַת חַטָּאת זוֹ, וְתַחַת עוֹלָה זוֹ, תַּחַת חַטָּאת וְתַחַת עוֹלָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לִי בְתוֹךְ הַבָּיִת, הָיָה לוֹ, דְּבָרָיו קַיָּמִין. אִם אָמַר עַל בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה, וְעַל בַּעֲלַת מוּם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ עוֹלָה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לְעוֹלָה, יִמָּכְרוּ וְיָבִיא בִדְמֵיהֶם עוֹלָה:

[If one said], "This [animal] is instead of a Chattat [offering brought to expiate sin]," or "instead of an Olah," he has not said anything. "[This animal] is instead of this Chattat ," or "instead of this Olah," "instead of the Chattat or the Olah, which I have inside the house." - if he had [the animal], his words stand. If he said regarding an impure animal or a blemished animal, "This is an Olah," he has not said anything; [if he says], "This is for an Olah," he sells it and uses the money for an Olah.