שביעית ז׳Sheviit 7

Perek 7 of 10 in Sheviit — 7 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

כְּלָל גָּדוֹל אָמְרוּ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, כָּל שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכַל אָדָם וּמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִים, וְאֵינוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם בָּאָרֶץ, יֶשׁ לוֹ שְׁבִיעִית וּלְדָמָיו שְׁבִיעִית, יֶשׁ לוֹ בִּעוּר וּלְדָמָיו בִּעוּר. וְאֵיזֶה זֶה, עֲלֵה הַלּוּף הַשּׁוֹטֶה, וַעֲלֵה הַדַּנְדַּנָּה, הָעֻלְשִׁין, וְהַכְּרֵשִׁין, וְהָרְגִילָה, וְנֵץ הֶחָלָב. וּמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, הַחוֹחִים וְהַדַּרְדָּרִים. וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִים, סְפִיחֵי אִסְטִיס, וְקוֹצָה. יֶשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית, יֶשׁ לָהֶם בִּעוּר וְלִדְמֵיהֶן בִּעוּר:

An important rule that they [the Sages] said regarding the Sabbatical year: anything that is human food or animal food or from a species [of plant] used for dying if it does not last [if left] in the field, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to it and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to its money [exchanged for it], [the laws of] Bi'ur [requirement to destroy Sabbatical produce when it is no longer readily available] apply to it and [the laws of] Bi'ur apply to its money. And what [is considered human food]? The leaf of the wild black calla lily and the leaf of the rustyback fern and endive and leeks and purslane and Netz HeChalav [unknown plant]. And [what is considered] animal food? Thorns and thistles. And [what is considered] a species [of plant] used for dying? Woad [used to make blue dye] and madder [used to make red dye]. [The laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money, [the laws of] Bi'ur apply to them and [the laws of Bi'ur apply to their money.

Mishnah 2ב׳

וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ, כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַאֲכַל אָדָם וּמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה, וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִין, וּמִתְקַיֵּם בָּאָרֶץ, יֶשׁ לוֹ שְׁבִיעִית וּלְדָמָיו שְׁבִיעִית, אֵין לוֹ בִּעוּר וְאֵין לְדָמָיו בִּעוּר. אֵי זֶהוּ, עִקַּר הַלּוּף הַשּׁוֹטֶה, וְעִקַּר הַדַּנְדַּנָּה, וְהָעַרְקַבְנִין, וְהַחַלְבְּצִין, וְהַבֻּכְרִיָּה. וּמִמִּין הַצּוֹבְעִין, הַפּוּאָה וְהָרִכְפָּא, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית, אֵין לָהֶם בִּעוּר וְלֹא לִדְמֵיהֶן בִּעוּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, דְּמֵיהֶם מִתְבַּעֲרִין עַד רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לָהֶן אֵין בִּעוּר, קַל וָחֹמֶר לִדְמֵיהֶן:

And another rule that they said: anything that is not human food or animal food or from a species [of plant] used for dying, or that lasts [if left] in the field, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to it and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to its money [exchanged for it], but [the laws of] Bi'ur do not apply to it and [the laws of] Bi'ur do not apply to its money. And what is it [i.e., human or animal food that lasts if left in the field]? The leaf of wild black calla lily and the root of rustyback fern and Scolopendrium and the root of Netz HeChalav and the Bukhriyah [unknown plant]. And [what is considered] a species [of plant] used for dying? Rubia Tinctorum and Reseda. [The laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money, but [the laws of] Bi'ur do not apply to them and [the laws of] Bi'ur do not apply to their money. Rabbi Meir says: Their money may be subject to Bi'ur until Rosh HaShana [New Year's festival]. They [the Sages] replied to him: [If the laws of] Bi'ur don't apply to them, all the more so [do the laws not apply] to their money!

Mishnah 3ג׳

קְלִפֵּי רִמּוֹן וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלּוֹ, קְלִפֵּי אֱגוֹזִים וְהַגַּלְעִינִין, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁבִיעִית וְלִדְמֵיהֶן שְׁבִיעִית. הַצַּבָּע, צוֹבֵעַ לְעַצְמוֹ, וְלֹא יִצְבַּע בְּשָׂכָר, שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין סְחוֹרָה בְּפֵרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית, וְלֹא בִבְכוֹרוֹת, וְלֹא בִתְרוּמוֹת, וְלֹא בִנְבֵלוֹת, וְלֹא בִטְרֵפוֹת, וְלֹא בִשְׁקָצִים, וְלֹא בִרְמָשִׂים. וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹקֵחַ יַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה וּמוֹכֵר בַּשּׁוּק, אֲבָל הוּא לוֹקֵט וּבְנוֹ מוֹכֵר עַל יָדוֹ. לָקַח לְעַצְמוֹ וְהוֹתִיר, מֻתָּר לְמָכְרָן:

The skins of pomegranates and their blossoms, the husks of nuts and the [fruit] pits, [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to them and [the laws of] the Sabbatical year apply to their money [exchanged for them]. The dyer may dye for himself, but may not dye for payment, since one may not do business with the fruits of the Sabbatical year, and not with firstborn animals, and not with Terumah [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], and not with Neveilot [improperly slaughtered animals of permitted species], and not with Tereifot [animals with a mortal condition such that they would die within one year], and not with Shekatzim U'Remasim [creeping creatures]. And he may not take the produce of the field and sell it in the market, but he may collect it and his son may sell it for him. If he took for himself and had left over, he may sell them.

Mishnah 4ד׳

לָקַח בְּכוֹר לְמִשְׁתֵּה בְנוֹ אוֹ לָרֶגֶל וְלֹא צָרִיךְ לוֹ, מֻתָּר לְמָכְרוֹ. צָדֵי חַיָּה עוֹפוֹת וְדָגִים שֶׁנִּזְדַּמְּנוּ לָהֶם מִינִים טְמֵאִין, מֻתָּרִים לְמָכְרָן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף מִי שֶׁנִּתְמַנָּה לוֹ לְפִי דַרְכּוֹ, לוֹקֵחַ וּמוֹכֵר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא אֻמָּנוּתוֹ בְכָךְ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין:

[If one] bought a [blemished] firstborn animal for his son's [wedding] feast or for a pilgrimage festival but didn't need it, he is allowed to sell it. Trappers of wild animals, birds or fish that happen [to trap] impure species [of animals] are allowed to sell them. Rabbi Yehudah says: Even someone who came across [an impure species] may take and sell it as long as this is not his [primary] business. But the Sages forbade [this].

…and 3 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0