שקלים ח׳Shekalim 8

Mishnah 1א׳

כָּל הָרֻקִּין הַנִּמְצָאִים בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם טְהוֹרִין, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל שׁוּק הָעֶלְיוֹן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה, שֶׁבָּאֶמְצַע טְמֵאִין וְשֶׁבַּצְּדָדִין טְהוֹרִין. וּבִשְׁעַת הָרֶגֶל, שֶׁבָּאֶמְצַע טְהוֹרִין וְשֶׁבַּצְּדָדִין טְמֵאִין, שֶׁמִּפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מֻעָטִין מִסְתַּלְּקִין לַצְּדָדִין:

Any saliva found in Jerusalem is pure [i.e. assumed to not be from a zav, whose saliva defiles people or vessels], except that which is found in the upper market [since defiled persons would congregate there]; these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosi says: During other times of the year, whatever saliva is found in the middle of the road is deemed [to be from] impure [persons], while saliva found at the sides of the road is deemed [to be from] pure [persons]. But in the season of the festivals, the saliva found in the middle of the road is assumed to be pure, whereas the saliva found on the sides of the road is assumed to be impure, since impure persons are in the minority at festival time, and because they are in the minority, they move over to the sides of the road.

Mishnah 2ב׳

כָּל הַכֵּלִים הַנִּמְצָאִין בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם דֶּרֶךְ יְרִידָה לְבֵית הַטְבִילָה טְמֵאִין. דֶּרֶךְ עֲלִיָּה, טְהוֹרִין, שֶׁלֹּא כְּדֶרֶךְ יְרִידָתָן עֲלִיָּתָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן טְהוֹרִין, חוּץ מִן הַסַּל וְהַמַּגְרֵפָה וְהַמְּרִצָּה הַמְיֻחָדִין לַקְּבָרוֹת:

All vessels found in Jerusalem on the path leading down to the house of immersion are [assumed to be] impure, but those found on the path up are [deemed] pure. For the path leading down is not the same path leading up; these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosi says: All vessels are [deemed to be] pure, except for the basket, shovel, and crusher which are reserved for use in burial-places.

Mishnah 3ג׳

סַכִּין שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, שׁוֹחֵט בָּהּ מִיָּד. בִּשְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר, שׁוֹנֶה וּמַטְבִּיל. וְקוֹפִיץ, בֵּין בָּזֶה וּבֵין בָּזֶה שׁוֹנֶה וּמַטְבִּיל. חָל אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, שׁוֹחֵט בָּהּ מִיָּד. בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר, שׁוֹחֵט בָּהּ מִיָּד. נִמְצֵאת קְשׁוּרָה לְסַכִּין, הֲרֵי זוֹ כַּסַּכִּין:

A knife which was found on the 14th [day of Nissan] can be used to slaughter [animals] immediately. If it were found on the 13th [day of Nissan] one must immerse it [in a mikvah] again. A cleaver, on either day [the 13th or 14th days of Nissan] must be immersed [in a mikvah] again. If the 14th [day of Nissan] fell on Shabbat, one may use [the cleaver] for slaughtering right away. If [the cleaver] were found on the 15th [day of Nissan], one could use it to slaughter right away. If it [the cleaver] were found tied to a knife, its status is the same as that of the knife.

Mishnah 4ד׳

פָּרֹכֶת שֶׁנִּטְמֵאת בִּוְלַד הַטֻמְאָה, מַטְבִּילִין אוֹתָהּ בִּפְנִים וּמַכְנִיסִין אוֹתָהּ מִיָּד. וְאֶת שֶׁנִּטְמֵאת בְּאַב הַטֻמְאָה, מַטְבִּילִין אוֹתָהּ בַּחוּץ וְשׁוֹטְחִין אוֹתָהּ בַּחֵיל. וְאִם הָיְתָה חֲדָשָׁה, שׁוֹטְחִין אוֹתָהּ עַל גַּג הָאִצְטַבָּא, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּרְאוּ הָעָם אֶת מְלַאכְתָּהּ שֶׁהִיא נָאָה:

If the curtain [which separates the Holy from the Holy of Holies] became impure from a vlad hatumah [something rendered impure on a derivative level, by contact ultimately with an original source of impurity], it can be immersed [in a mikvah] inside [the Temple courtyard] and rehung immediately. If however it became impure from an av hatumah it is immersed outside the Temple and was spread out in the cheil [a low fence around the Temple, which served as a boundary, beyond which entry to those impure was prohibited]. If it was a new curtain it was spread out on the roof of the Colonnade so that the masses could see its workmanship, since it was beautiful.

Mishnah 5ה׳

רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן הַסְּגַן, פָּרֹכֶת עָבְיָהּ טֶפַח, וְעַל שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁתַּיִם נִימִין נֶאֱרֶגֶת, וְעַל כָּל נִימָא וְנִימָא עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה חוּטִין. אָרְכָּהּ אַרְבָּעִים אַמָּה וְרָחְבָּהּ עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה, וּמִשְּׁמוֹנִים וּשְׁתֵּי רִבּוֹא נַעֲשֵׂית. וּשְׁתַּיִם עוֹשִׂין בְּכָל שָׁנָה, וּשְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת כֹּהֲנִים מַטְבִּילִין אוֹתָהּ:

Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben haSegan [secondary High Priest]: The curtain [which separated the Holy and the Holy of Holies, was a tefach [handsbreadth] thick and woven from 72 threads, each comprised of 24 filaments. Its length was 40 cubits and its height 20 cubits and it was made of 820,000 [individual filaments]. Two curtains were made every year and it took 300 priests to immerse it.

Mishnah 6ו׳

בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים שֶׁנִּטְמָא, בֵּין בְּאַב הַטֻמְאָה, בֵּין בִּוְלַד הַטֻמְאָה, בֵּין בִּפְנִים, בֵּין בַּחוּץ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל יִשָּׂרֵף בִּפְנִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁנִּטְמָא בְּאַב הַטֻמְאָה בַּחוּץ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל יִשָּׂרֵף בַּחוּץ, חוּץ מִשֶּׁנִּטְמָא בִּוְלַד הַטֻמְאָה בִּפְנִים:

Flesh of the holiest sacrifices [such as an olah, chattat or asham offering] which became impure, whether it was made impure by an av hatumah or a vlad hatumah, either within [the Temple] or outside [the Temple], Beit Shammai says they are all burned within except for meat [that was made impure by] an av hatumah outside [the Temple]. Beit Hillel says everything should be burned outside, except meat [that which was] made impure by a vlad hatumah inside [the Temple].

Mishnah 7ז׳

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְּאַב הַטֻמְאָה, בֵּין בִּפְנִים בֵּין בַּחוּץ, יִשָּׂרֵף בַּחוּץ. וְאֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִּוְלַד הַטֻמְאָה, בֵּין בִּפְנִים בֵּין בַּחוּץ, יִשָּׂרֵף בִּפְנִים. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם טֻמְאָתוֹ שָׁם שְׂרֵפָתוֹ:

Rabbi Eliezer says: [meat which was] made impure by an av hatumah, whether it was inside or outside [the Temple], should be burned outside. That which was made impure by a vlad hatumah, whether it was inside or outside [the Temple] should be burned inside. Rabbi Akiva says, the place where it became impure is where it should be burned.

Mishnah 8ח׳

אֵבָרֵי הַתָּמִיד, נִתָּנִין מֵחֲצִי כֶּבֶשׁ וּלְמַטָה בַּמִּזְרָח, וְשֶׁל מוּסָפִין נִתָּנִין מֵחֲצִי כֶּבֶשׁ וּלְמַטָה בַּמַּעֲרָב, וְשֶׁל רָאשֵׁי חֳדָשִׁים נִתָּנִין מִתַּחַת כַּרְכֹּב הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִלְּמָטָה, הַשְּׁקָלִים וְהַבִּכּוּרִים אֵין נוֹהֲגִין אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת, אֲבָל מַעְשַׂר דָּגָן וּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה וְהַבְּכוֹרוֹת נוֹהֲגִין בֵּין בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת. הַמַּקְדִּישׁ שְׁקָלִים וּבִכּוּרִים, הֲרֵי זֶה קֹדֶשׁ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר בִּכּוּרִים קֹדֶשׁ, אֵינָן קֹדֶשׁ:

The limbs from the tamid offering [daily burnt-offering] were placed on the lower half of the ramp on the eastern side, those of the musaf [additional] offerings were placed on the lower half of the ramp on the western side, and those of the Rosh Chodesh [new moon] musaf offering were placed on top of the rim of the altar. The laws of shekalim and first fruits apply only when the Temple is standing, but the laws of tithing grain, the laws of tithing animals, and the laws of firstborn animals apply whether or not the Temple is standing. If one consecrated shekalim or first fruits, they are consecrated. Rabbi Shimon says: if one consecrates first fruits they are not consecrated.