שקלים ב׳Shekalim 2

Mishnah 1א׳

מְצָרְפִין שְׁקָלִים לְדַרְכּוֹנוֹת מִפְּנֵי מַשּׂוֹי הַדֶּרֶךְ. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ שׁוֹפָרוֹת בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, כָּךְ הָיוּ שׁוֹפָרוֹת בַּמְּדִינָה. בְּנֵי הָעִיר שֶׁשָּׁלְחוּ אֶת שִׁקְלֵיהֶן וְנִגְנְבוּ אוֹ שֶׁאָבָדוּ, אִם נִתְרְמָה הַתְּרוּמָה, נִשְׁבָּעִין לַגִּזְבָּרִים. וְאִם לָאו נִשְׁבָּעִין לִבְנֵי הָעִיר, וּבְנֵי הָעִיר שׁוֹקְלִין תַּחְתֵּיהֶן. נִמְצָאוּ, אוֹ שֶׁהֶחֱזִירוּם הַגַּנָּבִים, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ שְׁקָלִים, וְאֵין עוֹלִין לָהֶן לְשָׁנָה הַבָּאָה:

One can exchange shekels for darkonot [coins of large denomination] in order [to lighten] the load of the journey. Just as there were shofar-shaped chests in the Temple, so too were there shofar-shaped chests in the provinces. If people of a city had sent their shekels and they were stolen or lost, if the terumah [portion for offerings] had already been appropriated, [the messengers] take an oath to the treasurers [that the money was stolen or lost]; if it hadn't [been appropriated yet], they take an oath to the people of the city, and the people of the city must pay [new] shekels in their stead. If they are found, or if the thieves returned them, then both [the new payment and the original payment] are part of the shekalim, but it does not count for them the following year.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַנּוֹתֵן שִׁקְלוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ לִשְׁקֹל עַל יָדוֹ, וּשְׁקָלוֹ עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ, אִם נִתְרְמָה תְּרוּמָה מָעַל. הַשּׁוֹקֵל שִׁקְלוֹ מִמְּעוֹת הֶקְדֵּשׁ, אִם נִתְרְמָה תְרוּמָה וְקָרְבָה הַבְּהֵמָה מָעַל. מִדְּמֵי מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית, יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן:

One who gives his shekel to his fellow to donate on his behalf, and [his fellow] donates it for himself: if the terumah was set aside, he [has committed the sin of] misappropriation. One who donates his shekel from hekdesh [consecrated funds]: if the terumah was set aside, and an animal [bought from the funds] was already sacrificed, he [has committed the sin of] misappropriation. If [he drew his shekel donation] from ma'aser sheni [second-tithe] funds or shevi'it [seventh-year] funds, he must [redeem that money] and eat that amount.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַמְכַנֵּס מָעוֹת וְאָמַר, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לְשִׁקְלִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מוֹתָרָן נְדָבָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹתָרָן חֻלִּין. שֶׁאָבִיא מֵהֶן לְשִׁקְלִי, שָׁוִין שֶׁמּוֹתָרָן חֻלִּין. אֵלּוּ לְחַטָאת, שָׁוִין שֶׁהַמּוֹתָר נְדָבָה. שֶׁאָבִיא מֵהֶן לְחַטָאת, שָׁוִין שֶׁהַמּוֹתָר חֻלִּין:

One who is accumulating coins and says, these are for my shekel, Beit Shammai says, the extra must be used as a free-will offering. Beit Hillel says that the extra is not consecrated [as a free-will offering]. [If one were to say that] I will bring from these for my shekel, they both agree that the extra is chullin [not consecrated]. [If one were to say that] these are for a chattat [sin-offering], they both agree that the extra must be used as a free-will offering. [If one were to say that] I will bring from these for a chattat, they both agree that the extra is chullin.

Mishnah 4ד׳

אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מַה בֵּין שְׁקָלִים לְחַטָאת. שְׁקָלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם קִצְבָה, וְחַטָאת אֵין לָהּ קִצְבָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף לִשְׁקָלִים אֵין לָהֶן קִצְבָה, שֶׁכְּשֶׁעָלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הַגּוֹלָה הָיוּ שׁוֹקְלִים דַּרְכּוֹנוֹת, חָזְרוּ לִשְׁקוֹל סְלָעִים, חָזְרוּ לִשְׁקוֹל טְבָעִין, וּבִקְּשׁוּ לִשְׁקֹל דִּינָרִים. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן, יַד כֻּלָּן שָׁוָה. אֲבָל חַטָאת, זֶה מֵבִיא בְּסֶלַע וְזֶה מֵבִיא בִּשְׁתַּיִם וְזֶה מֵבִיא בְּשָׁלשׁ:

Rabbi Shimon said, what is the difference between shekalim and the chattat offering? Shekalim have a fixed amount, while a chattat does not have a fixed amount. Rabbi Yehuda said, even shekalim don't have a fixed amount because when the Jews ascended [to Israel] from the [Babylonian] exile they would pay the shekel in darkonot [equivalent to 4 shekels]; then they paid in selaim [equivalent to 2 shekels]; then they paid in selaim [equivalent to 1 Mishnaic shekel or half a Toraitic shekel] and they sought to pay in dinarim [equivalent to 1/2 of a Mishnaic shekel]. Said Rabbi Shimon, even so, everyone would give an equal amount [at any given time period]. But [for a] chattat, this one brings [an offering worth] a sela, this one brings [an offering worth] two, and this one brings [an offering worth] three.

Mishnah 5ה׳

מוֹתַר שְׁקָלִים, חֻלִּין. מוֹתַר עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵפָה, מוֹתַר קִנֵּי זָבִין, קִנֵּי זָבוֹת, קִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, וְחַטָאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת, מוֹתְרֵיהֶן נְדָבָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁהוּא בָּא לְשֵׁם חַטָאת וּלְשֵׁם אַשְׁמָה, מוֹתָרָן נְדָבָה. מוֹתַר עוֹלָה, לָעוֹלָה. מוֹתַר מִנְחָה, לַמִּנְחָה. מוֹתַר שְׁלָמִים, לַשְּׁלָמִים. מוֹתַר פֶּסַח, לַשְּׁלָמִים. מוֹתַר נְזִירִים, לַנְּזִירִים. מוֹתַר נָזִיר, לַנְּדָבָה. מוֹתַר עֲנִיִּים, לָעֲנִיִּים. מוֹתַר עָנִי, לְאוֹתוֹ עָנִי. מוֹתַר שְׁבוּיִים, לַשְּׁבוּיִים. מוֹתַר שָׁבוּי, לְאוֹתוֹ שָׁבוּי. מוֹתַר הַמֵּתִים, לַמֵּתִים. מוֹתַר הַמֵּת, לְיוֹרְשָׁיו. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מוֹתַר הַמֵּת, יְהֵא מֻנָּח עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא אֵלִיָּהוּ. רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר, מוֹתַר הַמֵּת בּוֹנִין לוֹ נֶפֶשׁ עַל קִבְרוֹ:

The excess funds of [money set aside for] the shekalim is not sanctified. The excess funds [of money set aside for] the tenth of an eifah [of flour brought with a chattat offering], the excess funds of the offerings of zavim [males with abnormal genital discharge], the offerings of zavot [females with abnormal genital discharge], the offerings of women who gave birth, chattat offerings and asham [guilt] offerings, their excess funds must be given as a free-will offering. This is the general rule, everything that comes for the sake of a chattat or asham offering, their excess funds must be given as a free-will offering. The excess funds of an olah [burnt offering] is for an olah. The excess funds of a minchah [meal offering] is for a minchah. The excess funds of a shelamim [peace offering] is for a shelamim. The excess funds of the pesach offering is for a shelamim. The excess funds for a nazirite's offering is for a nazirite's offering. The remainder for an individual nazirite must be given as a free-will offering. The excess funds [given] for the poor is for the poor. The excess funds [given] for an individual poor person is for that poor person. The excess funds [given] for captives is for captives. The excess funds [given] for a specific captive is for that specific captive. The excess funds [given] for the dead is for the dead. The excess funds for a specific dead person is for his inheritors. Rabbi Meir said, the excess funds for a specific dead person is set aside until Eliyahu comes. Rabbi Natan said, the excess funds for a specific dead person is used to build a gravestone on his grave.