שקלים ב׳Shekalim 2

Perek 2 of 8 in Shekalim — 5 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

מְצָרְפִין שְׁקָלִים לְדַרְכּוֹנוֹת מִפְּנֵי מַשּׂוֹי הַדֶּרֶךְ. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ שׁוֹפָרוֹת בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, כָּךְ הָיוּ שׁוֹפָרוֹת בַּמְּדִינָה. בְּנֵי הָעִיר שֶׁשָּׁלְחוּ אֶת שִׁקְלֵיהֶן וְנִגְנְבוּ אוֹ שֶׁאָבָדוּ, אִם נִתְרְמָה הַתְּרוּמָה, נִשְׁבָּעִין לַגִּזְבָּרִים. וְאִם לָאו נִשְׁבָּעִין לִבְנֵי הָעִיר, וּבְנֵי הָעִיר שׁוֹקְלִין תַּחְתֵּיהֶן. נִמְצָאוּ, אוֹ שֶׁהֶחֱזִירוּם הַגַּנָּבִים, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ שְׁקָלִים, וְאֵין עוֹלִין לָהֶן לְשָׁנָה הַבָּאָה:

One can exchange shekels for darkonot [coins of large denomination] in order [to lighten] the load of the journey. Just as there were shofar-shaped chests in the Temple, so too were there shofar-shaped chests in the provinces. If people of a city had sent their shekels and they were stolen or lost, if the terumah [portion for offerings] had already been appropriated, [the messengers] take an oath to the treasurers [that the money was stolen or lost]; if it hadn't [been appropriated yet], they take an oath to the people of the city, and the people of the city must pay [new] shekels in their stead. If they are found, or if the thieves returned them, then both [the new payment and the original payment] are part of the shekalim, but it does not count for them the following year.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַנּוֹתֵן שִׁקְלוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ לִשְׁקֹל עַל יָדוֹ, וּשְׁקָלוֹ עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ, אִם נִתְרְמָה תְּרוּמָה מָעַל. הַשּׁוֹקֵל שִׁקְלוֹ מִמְּעוֹת הֶקְדֵּשׁ, אִם נִתְרְמָה תְרוּמָה וְקָרְבָה הַבְּהֵמָה מָעַל. מִדְּמֵי מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית, יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן:

One who gives his shekel to his fellow to donate on his behalf, and [his fellow] donates it for himself: if the terumah was set aside, he [has committed the sin of] misappropriation. One who donates his shekel from hekdesh [consecrated funds]: if the terumah was set aside, and an animal [bought from the funds] was already sacrificed, he [has committed the sin of] misappropriation. If [he drew his shekel donation] from ma'aser sheni [second-tithe] funds or shevi'it [seventh-year] funds, he must [redeem that money] and eat that amount.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַמְכַנֵּס מָעוֹת וְאָמַר, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לְשִׁקְלִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מוֹתָרָן נְדָבָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹתָרָן חֻלִּין. שֶׁאָבִיא מֵהֶן לְשִׁקְלִי, שָׁוִין שֶׁמּוֹתָרָן חֻלִּין. אֵלּוּ לְחַטָאת, שָׁוִין שֶׁהַמּוֹתָר נְדָבָה. שֶׁאָבִיא מֵהֶן לְחַטָאת, שָׁוִין שֶׁהַמּוֹתָר חֻלִּין:

One who is accumulating coins and says, these are for my shekel, Beit Shammai says, the extra must be used as a free-will offering. Beit Hillel says that the extra is not consecrated [as a free-will offering]. [If one were to say that] I will bring from these for my shekel, they both agree that the extra is chullin [not consecrated]. [If one were to say that] these are for a chattat [sin-offering], they both agree that the extra must be used as a free-will offering. [If one were to say that] I will bring from these for a chattat, they both agree that the extra is chullin.

Mishnah 4ד׳

אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מַה בֵּין שְׁקָלִים לְחַטָאת. שְׁקָלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם קִצְבָה, וְחַטָאת אֵין לָהּ קִצְבָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף לִשְׁקָלִים אֵין לָהֶן קִצְבָה, שֶׁכְּשֶׁעָלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הַגּוֹלָה הָיוּ שׁוֹקְלִים דַּרְכּוֹנוֹת, חָזְרוּ לִשְׁקוֹל סְלָעִים, חָזְרוּ לִשְׁקוֹל טְבָעִין, וּבִקְּשׁוּ לִשְׁקֹל דִּינָרִים. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן, יַד כֻּלָּן שָׁוָה. אֲבָל חַטָאת, זֶה מֵבִיא בְּסֶלַע וְזֶה מֵבִיא בִּשְׁתַּיִם וְזֶה מֵבִיא בְּשָׁלשׁ:

Rabbi Shimon said, what is the difference between shekalim and the chattat offering? Shekalim have a fixed amount, while a chattat does not have a fixed amount. Rabbi Yehuda said, even shekalim don't have a fixed amount because when the Jews ascended [to Israel] from the [Babylonian] exile they would pay the shekel in darkonot [equivalent to 4 shekels]; then they paid in selaim [equivalent to 2 shekels]; then they paid in selaim [equivalent to 1 Mishnaic shekel or half a Toraitic shekel] and they sought to pay in dinarim [equivalent to 1/2 of a Mishnaic shekel]. Said Rabbi Shimon, even so, everyone would give an equal amount [at any given time period]. But [for a] chattat, this one brings [an offering worth] a sela, this one brings [an offering worth] two, and this one brings [an offering worth] three.

…and 1 more mishnah in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0