Oholot

The Mishnah

אהלות י״בOholot 12

Perek 12 of 18 in Oholot8 mishnayot

Mishnah 1א׳

נֶסֶר שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל פִּי תַנּוּר חָדָשׁ וְעוֹדֵף מִכָּל צְדָדָיו בְּפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחְתָּיו, כֵּלִים שֶׁעַל גַּבָּיו טְהוֹרִים. טֻמְאָה עַל גַּבָּיו, כֵּלִים שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו טְהוֹרִים. וּבְיָשָׁן, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר. נָתוּן עַל פִּי שְׁנֵי תַנּוּרִים, טֻמְאָה בֵינֵיהֶם, הֵם טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר:

If a board was placed over the mouth of a new oven and it extends from all sides by a handbreadth's space, if there was impurity underneath it, vessels that are on top of it remain pure. If there was impurity on top of it, vessels beneath it remain pure. If it was an old [oven], they are impure. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri declares them pure. If it was placed across the mouth of two ovens and there was impurity between them, they are impure, but Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri declares them pure.

Mishnah 2ב׳

סְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, טֻמְאָה תַחְתָּיו אוֹ עַל גַּבָּיו, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. כְּנֶגֶד אֲוִירוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר. טֻמְאָה כְנֶגֶד אֲוִירוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד הָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא:

If an oven screen [which is not able to become impure] was placed over an oven which was sealed, if there was impurity beneath it or on top of it, everything is impure. But opposite the airspace of the oven is pure. If the impurity was opposite the airspace of the oven, everything opposite it up to the firmament is impure.

Mishnah 3ג׳

נֶסֶר שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל פִּי תַנּוּר יָשָׁן, יוֹצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה טֶפַח אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַצְּדָדִים, טֻמְאָה בְצַד זֶה, כֵּלִים שֶׁבַּצַּד הַשֵּׁנִי טְהוֹרִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא. הַבְּטַח אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. הָיָה בוֹ זִיז, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, רוֹאִים אֶת הַבְּטַח כְּאִלּוּ אֵינוֹ, וְהַזִּיז הָעֶלְיוֹן מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה:

If a board was placed over the mouth of an old oven and it extends from both ends a handbreadth but not on all sides, if there is impurity on one side, vessels on the other side are pure. Rabbi Yossi declares [them] impure. A windowsill does not spread impurity. If there was a protrusion, Rabbi Eliezer says it does not spread impurity but Rabbi Yehoshua says we view the windowsill as if it were not there, and the higher protrusion does spread impurity.

Mishnah 4ד׳

סַנְדָּל שֶׁל עֲרִיסָה שֶׁפְּחָתוֹ בְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, מוֹנִין בּוֹ כְדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמּוֹנִין בְּמֵת:

If the sandal of a cradle made an indentation in a house, if it had a handbreadth's space, everything is impure, but if not they count from it as they would from a dead body.

Mishnah 5ה׳

קוֹרוֹת הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲלִיָּה שֶׁאֵין עֲלֵיהֶן מַעֲזִיבָה וְהֵן מְכֻוָּנוֹת, טֻמְאָה תַחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן, תַּחְתֶּיהָ טָמֵא. בֵּין הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה לָעֶלְיוֹנָה, בֵּינֵיהֶן טָמֵא. עַל גַּבֵּי הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד הָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא. הָיוּ הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת כְּבֵין הַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת, טֻמְאָה תַחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן, תַּחַת כֻּלָּם טָמֵא. עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד הָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא:

The beams of the house and the upper story which do not have plaster on them and they are aligned, if there was impurity underneath one of them, underneath it is impure. [If it was] between the lower and the upper one, between them is impure. If it was on top of the upper one, opposite it up to the firmament is impure. If the upper ones were as if between the lower ones and there was impurity under one of them, underneath all of them is impure. If it was on top of them, opposite it up to the firmament is impure.

Mishnah 6ו׳

קוֹרָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה מִכֹּתֶל לְכֹתֶל וְטֻמְאָה תַחְתֶּיהָ, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, מְבִיאָה אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה תַחַת כֻּלָּהּ. וְאִם לָאו, טֻמְאָה בוֹקַעַת וְעוֹלָה, בּוֹקַעַת וְיוֹרָדֶת. כַּמָּה יִהְיֶה בְהֶקֵּפָהּ וִיהֵא בָהּ פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא עֲגֻלָּה, הֶקֵּפָהּ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא מְרֻבַּעַת, אַרְבָּעָה, שֶׁהַמְרֻבָּע יָתֵר עַל הֶעָגוֹל רְבִיעַ:

If a beam was placed from one wall to another wall and there was impurity underneath it, if it had a handbreadth's space, it spreads the impurity underneath all of it. If not, the impurity pierces and goes up, pierces and goes down. How large must its perimeter be for it to have a handbreadth's space? When it is round, its perimeter must be three handbreadths. When it is square, four because the square is larger than the circle by a quarter.

Mishnah 7ז׳

עַמּוּד שֶׁהוּא מֻטָּל לָאֲוִיר, אִם יֵשׁ בְּהֶקֵּפוֹ עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה תַחַת דָּפְנוֹ. וְאִם לָאו, טֻמְאָה בוֹקַעַת וְעוֹלָה, בּוֹקַעַת וְיוֹרָדֶת:

A column which was standing in the open air, if it has twenty-four handbreadths in its perimeter, it spreads impurity underneath its sides, if not the impurity pierces and goes up, pierces and goes down.

Mishnah 8ח׳

כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת מֻדְבָּק לָאַסְקֻפָּה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַהֵר. הָיָה נָתוּן תַּחַת הָאַסְקֻפָּה, יִדּוֹן מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה. מֻדְבָּק לַמַּשְׁקוֹף, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר. הָיָה נָתוּן בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּמַּשְׁקוֹף, טָמֵא. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּאַסְקֻפָּה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מִטֶּפַח וּלְמַטָּן, טָהוֹר. מִטֶּפַח וּלְמַעְלָן, טָמֵא:

If [a piece the size of] an olive of a corpse was stuck to a threshold, Rabbi Eliezer declares the house impure, but Rabbi Yehoshua declares [it] pure. If it was placed under the threshold, it follows the rule of half and half. If it was stuck to the lintel, the house is impure, Rabbi Yossi declares [it] pure. If it was placed inside the house, one who touches the lintel is impure. One who touches the threshold, Rabbi Eliezer declares [him] impure but Rabbi Yehoshua says from a handbreadth down, he is pure, from a handbreadth up, he is impure.

Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0