נדרים ח׳Nedarim 8

Mishnah 1א׳

קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ. שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשַׁבָּת שֶׁעָבְרָה. חֹדֶשׁ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְהַבָּא. שָׁנָה זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. שָׁבוּעַ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁבוּעַ, וּשְׁבִיעִית שֶׁעָבְרָה. וְאִם אָמַר יוֹם אֶחָד, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת, חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד, שָׁנָה אֶחָת, שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד, אָסוּר מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם:

[One who says] "Konam, wine that I will taste today," it is only forbidden until it becomes dark. "This week," he is forbidden the whole week, and Shabbat [belongs to the week] that passed. "This month," he is forbidden the entire month, but Rosh Chodesh [belongs to the month] to come. "This year," he is forbidden for the entire year, but Rosh Hashanah [belongs to the year] to come. "This seven year cycle," he is forbidden for the entire seven year cycle, and the seventh year [belongs to the cycle] that passed. and if he says "one day," "one week,""one month,""one year,""one seven year cycle," he is forbidden from day to day.

Mishnah 2ב׳

עַד הַפֶּסַח, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. עַד לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא:

"Until Passover," he is forbidden until it reaches Passover. "Until it will be," he is forbidden until it passes. "Until before Passover," Rabbi Meir says, he is forbidden until it reaches [Passover]. Rabbi Yosi says, he is forbidden until it passes.

Mishnah 3ג׳

עַד הַקָּצִיר, עַד הַבָּצִיר, עַד הַמָּסִיק, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁזְּמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ וְאָמַר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיּעַ. אָמַר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין זְמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ, בֵּין אָמַר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, בֵּין אָמַר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ:

"Until the grain harvest," "until the wine vintage," "until the olive harvest," he is only forbidden until it reaches [these harvests]. This is the rule: Anything that has a set time and he says, "until it reaches that time," he is forbidden until that time. If he says, "until it will be," he is forbidden until it passes. And anything that does not have a set time, whether he says "until it will be" or whether he says "until it reaches," he is only forbidden until it arrives.

Mishnah 4ד׳

עַד הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיַתְחִילוּ הָעָם לְהַכְנִיס בַּכַּלְכַּלּוֹת. עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיְּקַפְּלוּ הַמַּקְצוּעוֹת. עַד הַקָּצִיר, עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל הָעָם לִקְצֹר, קְצִיר חִטִּין אֲבָל לֹא קְצִיר שְׂעֹרִים. הַכֹּל לְפִי מְקוֹם נִדְרוֹ, אִם הָיָה בָהָר, בָּהָר, וְאִם הָיָה בַבִּקְעָה, בַּבִּקְעָה:

"Until the summer," "until it will be the summer," until the people start to gather [figs] into baskets. "Until the summer passes," until the mats [used for drying figs] are folded up. "Until the grain harvest," until the nation begins to harvest wheat but not to harvest barley. All goes according to the place of his vow, if he was in a mountain, by [the harvest of] a mountain, if he was in a valley, by the valley.

Mishnah 5ה׳

עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַנָּהּ שֶׁל רְבִיעָה. עַד שֶׁיִּפָּסְקוּ גְשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא נִיסָן כֻּלּוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַפֶּסַח. קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם הַשָּׁנָה, נִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּבְעִבּוּרָהּ. עַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר, עַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן. עַד סוֹף אֲדָר, עַד סוֹף אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַפֶּסַח, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵיל הַפֶּסַח, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לִשְׁתּוֹת יָיִן:

"Until the rains," "until there has been rain," until the second rain falls. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says, until it reaches the time of the second rain. "Until the rain stops," until all of Nissan passes, these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah says, until Passover passes. "Konam, wine that I will not taste this year;" if they add on to the year, he is forbidden during the year and the extension. "Until the beginning of Adar," until the beginning of Adar I. "Until the end of Adar," until the end of Adar I. Rabbi Yehudah says, "Konam, wine that I will not taste until it will be Passover," he only forbidden until the night of Passover, because he only intended until the time that it is the way of men to drink wine.

Mishnah 6ו׳

אָמַר קוֹנָם בָּשָׂר שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַצּוֹם, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי צוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְנוֹ אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם שׁוּם שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא שַׁבָּת, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל שׁוּם:

One who says, "Konam, meat that I will not taste until it will be the fast (i.e. Yom Kippur), he is only forbidden until the night of the fast, because he only intended until the time that it is the way of people to eat meat. Rabbi Yosi his son says, "Konam, garlic that I will not taste until it will be Shabbat, he is only forbidden until the night of Shabbat, because he only intended until the time when it is the way of men to eat garlic.

Mishnah 7ז׳

הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ קוֹנָם שֶׁאֲנִי נֶהֱנֶה לְךָ אִם אֵין אַתָּה בָא וְנוֹטֵל לְבָנֶיךָ כּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁל חִטִּין וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁל יַיִן, הֲרֵי זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, וְיֹאמַר לוֹ, כְּלוּם אָמַרְתָּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹדִי, זֶהוּ כְבוֹדִי. וְכֵן הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ קוֹנָם שֶׁאַתָּה נֶהֱנֶה לִי אִם אֵין אַתָּה בָא וְנוֹתֵן לִבְנִי כּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁל חִטִּין וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁל יַיִן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַף זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, וְיֹאמַר לוֹ, הֲרֵי אֲנִי כְאִלּוּ הִתְקַבָּלְתִּי. הָיוּ מְסָרְבִין בּוֹ לָשֵׂאת בַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ וְאָמַר קוֹנָם שֶׁהִיא נֶהֱנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם, וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאָמַר קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לֵהָנוֹת לוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשׁוּם אִישׁוּת. הָיָה מְסָרֵב בַּחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, אָמַר קוֹנָם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, טִפַּת צוֹנֵן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ, מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ וְלִשְׁתּוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ צוֹנֵן, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשׁוּם אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה:

One who says to his friend, "Konam, that I benefit from you if you don't come and take for your sons one cor of wheat and two barrels of wine." Behold this one is able to nullify his vow without a sage, and he will say to him, "you only said this for my honor, and this is my honor [not to take from you]!" And also one who says to his friend: "Konam, that you benefit from me, if you don't come and give to my son one cor of wheat and two barrels of wine," Rabbi Meir says: he is forbidden, until he gives. The Sages say, even in this he is able to nullify his vow without a sage, and he will say to him,"Behold it is like I already accepted it." If they were pressuring him to marry his sister's daughter, and he says, "Konam, that she should benefit from me forever;" so too, one who divorces his wife and says "Konam, that my wife should benefit from me forever;" these are both permitted to benefit from him because his intent was only towards marriage. If he was pressuring his friend to eat with him, and he says, "Konam, into your house I shall not enter,""A drop of cold water I will not taste from you," he is permitted to enter his house and taste cold water because his intent was only towards eating and drinking.