נדרים א׳Nedarim 1

Perek 1 of 11 in Nedarim — 4 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

כָּל כִּנּוּיֵי נְדָרִים כִּנְדָרִים, וַחֲרָמִים כַּחֲרָמִים, וּשְׁבוּעוֹת כִּשְׁבוּעוֹת, וּנְזִירוּת כִּנְזִירוּת. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, מֻדָּרְנִי מִמְּךָ, מֻפְרָשְׁנִי מִמְּךָ, מְרֻחָקְנִי מִמְּךָ, שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לָךְ, שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ, אָסוּר. מְנֻדֶּה אֲנִי לָךְ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא הָיָה חוֹכֵךְ בָּזֶה לְהַחֲמִיר. כְּנִדְרֵי רְשָׁעִים, נָדַר בְּנָזִיר, וּבְקָרְבָּן, וּבִשְׁבוּעָה. כְּנִדְרֵי כְשֵׁרִים, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. כְּנִדְבוֹתָם, נָדַר בְּנָזִיר וּבְקָרְבָּן:

All colloquial terms for vows are the same as vows; those for devotions are the same as devotions; those for oaths are the same as oaths; those for Nazarite [vows] are the same as Nazarite [vows]. One who says to one's peer "I am forbidden by vow from you"; "I am separated from you"; "I am distanced from you"; "I may not eat yours"; "I may not taste yours" - [the object of his vow] is forbidden. "I am excommunicated from you" - Rabbi Akiva was inclined to be stringent. [Using the phrase] "Like the vows of the wicked" - is a vow when concerning Nazarite, and offering, and oath. [Using the phrase] "Like the vows of the pious" - it is as if he had said nothing. "Like their donation" - is a vow when concerning Nazarite or an offering.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם קוֹנָח, קוֹנָס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְקָרְבָּן. חֵרֶק חֵרֶךְ, חֵרֵף, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְחֵרֶם. נָזִיק נָזִיחַ, פָּזִיחַ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִנְזִירוּת. שְׁבוּתָה, שְׁקוּקָה, נָדַר בְּמוֹתָא, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִשְׁבוּעָה:

One who says to one's peer "Konam" or "Konach" or "Konas" - these are colloquial terms for an offering ("Korban"). "Cherek", "Cherekh", "Cheref" - these are colloquial terms for devotions ("Cherem"). "Nazik", "Naziyach", "Paziyach" - these are colloquial terms for a Nazarite [vow] ("Nazir"). "Shevutah", "Shekukah", "Nadar Bemota" - these are colloquial terms for oath ("Shevu'ah").

Mishnah 3ג׳

הָאוֹמֵר לֹא חֻלִּין לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא כָשֵׁר, וְלֹא דְכֵי, טָהוֹר, וְטָמֵא, נוֹתָר, וּפִגּוּל, אָסוּר. כְּאִמְּרָא, כַּדִּירִין, כָּעֵצִים, כָּאִשִּׁים, כַּמִּזְבֵּחַ, כַּהֵיכָל, כִּירוּשָׁלָיִם, נָדַר בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּיר קָרְבָּן, הֲרֵי זֶה נָדַר בְּקָרְבָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם:

If one says to his fellow: "Not chullin (non-sanctified food) shall I eat of yours", [or] "not kosher" or "not permitted", [or] "pure" or "impure", [or] "notar" or "piggul" (disqualified sacrifices) - [the food is] forbidden. [If one says to one's fellow:] "Like a lamb", [or] "like enclosures", [or] "like wood", [or] "like fires", [or] "like the altar", [or] "like the sanctuary", [or] "like Jerusalem", [or] if one made a vow on any of the instruments of the altar, even though there was no mention of sacrifice - behold, [it is as if] he has vowed [and forbidden the object] like a Korban. Rabbi Yehuda says: If he [only] said "Jerusalem", it is as if he had said nothing.

Mishnah 4ד׳

הָאוֹמֵר, קָרְבָּן, עוֹלָה, מִנְחָה, חַטָּאת, תּוֹדָה, שְׁלָמִים שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לָךְ, אָסוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר. הַקָּרְבָּן, כְּקָרְבָּן, קָרְבָּן שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, אָסוּר. לְקָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם פִּי הַמְדַבֵּר עִמָּךְ, יָדִי עוֹשָׂה עִמָּךְ, רַגְלִי מְהַלֶּכֶת עִמָּךְ, אָסוּר:

The person who states "korban," "olah," "minchah," "chattat," "todah," or "shelamim [be that] which I don't eat of your food" - [the food] is forbidden. Rabbi Yehudah permits [the food]. If the person states "the korban," "like the korban," [or] "korban is that which I eat of yours" - [the food is] forbidden. [If he says] "for the korban shall I not eat of your [food]," Rabbi Meir forbids him [from eating the food]. If someone says to his friend "konam is my mouth that speaks with you," "[konam is] my hand that does work with you," or "[konam is] my foot that walks with you," - [the speaker is] forbidden [from speaking, doing work, or walking with the object of the vow].

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0