מנחות א׳Menachot 1

Perek 1 of 13 in Menachot — 4 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

כָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת שֶׁנִּקְמְצוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, כְּשֵׁרוֹת, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים מִשּׁוּם חוֹבָה, חוּץ מִמִּנְחַת חוֹטֵא, וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת. מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת שֶׁקְּמָצָן שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, נָתַן בַּכְּלִי, וְהִלֵּךְ, וְהִקְטִיר שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, אוֹ לִשְׁמָן וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן וְלִשְׁמָן, פְּסוּלוֹת. כֵּיצַד לִשְׁמָן וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, לְשֵׁם מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וּלְשֵׁם מִנְחַת נְדָבָה, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן וְלִשְׁמָן, לְשֵׁם מִנְחַת נְדָבָה וּלְשֵׁם מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא:

All grain offerings from which handfuls were taken not for their own sake are valid, but they do not fulfill the obligation of their owners. [This is true] except for the grain offering of a sinner or the grain offering brought out of jealousy [by the suspected adulteress]. The grain offerings of a sinner and of jealousy from which handfuls were collected not for their own sake, or that were put into a vessel, or that were brought [to the altar], or were burned not for their own sake, or one [action was done] for their own sake and the other not or their own sake, or one [action was done] not for their own sake and one [was done] for their own sake, they are invalid. What [is meant by] ["an action done] for their own sake and [one done] not for their own sake?" For the sake of the grain offering of the sinner and for the sake of the voluntary grain offering. [And what is meant by "an action done] not for their own sake and [one done] for their own sake"? With the intent of a voluntary grain offering and with the intent of a grain offering of a sinner.

Mishnah 2ב׳

אַחַת מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וְאַחַת כָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת שֶׁקְּמָצָן זָר, אוֹנֵן, טְבוּל יוֹם, מְחֻסַּר בְּגָדִים, מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים, שֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, עָרֵל, טָמֵא, יוֹשֵׁב, עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבֵּי כֵלִים, עַל גַּבֵּי בְהֵמָה, עַל גַּבֵּי רַגְלֵי חֲבֵרוֹ, פָּסָל. קָמַץ בִּשְׂמֹאל, פָּסָל. בֶּן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, יַחֲזִיר וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִקְמֹץ בְּיָמִין. קָמַץ וְעָלָה בְיָדוֹ צְרוֹר אוֹ גַרְגִּיר מֶלַח אוֹ קֹרֶט שֶׁל לְבוֹנָה, פָּסַל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הַקֹּמֶץ הַיָּתֵר וְהֶחָסֵר, פָּסוּל. אֵיזֶה הוּא הַיָּתֵר, שֶׁקְּמָצוֹ מְבֹרָץ. וְחָסֵר, שֶׁקְּמָצוֹ בְרָאשֵׁי אֶצְבְּעוֹתָיו. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה, פּוֹשֵׁט אֶת אֶצְבְּעוֹתָיו עַל פַּס יָדוֹ:

The grain offering of a sinner and the grain offerings from which handfuls were taken by a non-priest, by a person in mourning [for a kinsman who has not yet been buried], by a tevul yom [a person who has immersed himself that day to purify himself, but who must wait for night-fall to be fully pure], by a person who lacks [priestly] garments, by a mechusar kippurim [a person who is required to bring an atonement offering before partaking in an offering], by a person with unwashed hands and feet, by an uncircumcised man, by an impure person, by a person who is sitting, or one who is standing on vessels, an animal, or his friend's legs - these [offerings] are invalid. If he took the handful with his left [hand], it [the offering] is invalid. Ben Betera says: he should return it and take the handful again with his right. If he took the handful, and a stone or a chunk of salt or a remnant of frankincense came with it in his hand, it is invalid, because they said: one who takes too much or too little [as] the handful, it is invalid. What is too much? If he took a heaping handful. And too little? If he took the handful with his fingertips. How should he do it? Extend his fingers on his palm [and bring the flour with his three middle fingers into his palm].

Mishnah 3ג׳

רִבָּה שַׁמְנָהּ, וְחִסַּר שַׁמְנָהּ, חִסַּר לְבוֹנָתָהּ, פְּסוּלָה. הַקּוֹמֵץ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה לֶאֱכֹל שְׁיָרֶיהָ בַחוּץ, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִשְּׁיָרֶיהָ בַחוּץ, לְהַקְטִיר קֻמְצָהּ בַּחוּץ, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִקֻּמְצָהּ בַּחוּץ, אוֹ לְהַקְטִיר לְבוֹנָתָהּ בַּחוּץ, פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. לֶאֱכֹל שְׁיָרֶיהָ לְמָחָר, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִשְּׁיָרֶיהָ לְמָחָר, לְהַקְטִיר קֻמְצָהּ לְמָחָר, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִקֻּמְצָהּ לְמָחָר, אוֹ לְהַקְטִיר לְבוֹנָתָהּ לְמָחָר, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַקּוֹמֵץ, וְהַנּוֹתֵן בִּכְלִי, וְהַמְהַלֵּךְ, וְהַמַּקְטִיר, לֶאֱכֹל דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל, וּלְהַקְטִיר דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַקְטִיר, חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיִּקְרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ. כֵּיצַד קָרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ. קָמַץ בִּשְׁתִיקָה וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר בִּשְׁתִיקָה, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, זֶה הוּא שֶׁקָּרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ:

If he used too much oil or too little oil or too little frankincense, it is invalid. One who takes a handful from the grain offering [intending] to eat the remainder [of the offering] outside [the Temple] or an olive’s bulk outside; Or to burn the handful or an olive’s bulk of the fistful outside; or to burn its frankincense outside, it is invalid, but it does not entail karet [divinely imposed punishment consisting of death at an early age without progeny]. [One who takes a handful from the grain offering intending] to eat the remainder the next day or an olive’s bulk the next day; or to burn the fistful the next day or an olive’s bulk of the handful the next day; or to burn its frankincense the next day, It is piggul [a sacrifice that becomes unfit due to the intention of the officiating priest to consume it outside of its permitted time], and they would be liable for karet [divinely imposed punishment consisting of death at an early age without progeny]. This is the general rule: anyone who takes the fistful, or puts it into a vessel, or carries it to the altar, or burns it, [intending] to eat [the amount] which is normally eaten, or to burn [the amount] which is normally burned: outside its prescribed place [the Temple courtyard], [the minhah] is invalid, but it does not result in karet; after its designated time, it is piggul [a sacrifice unfit due to the intention to consume it outside of its permitted time] and it results in karet, provided that the [portion which] permits is offered as required. How is the [portion which] permits offered as required"? If one took the handful in silence [i.e., without express intention], and put it in a vessel and carried it, and burned it, [intending to eat it] after its designated time; Or if one took the handful [intending to eat the grain-offering] after its designated time, and put it in a vessel, and carried it and burned it in silence, or if one took the handful and put it in a vessel, carried it out, and burned it [intending to eat the grain-offering] after its designated time. This is offering the [portion which] permits as is required.

Mishnah 4ד׳

כֵּיצַד לֹא קָרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ. קָמַץ חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת שֶׁקְּמָצָן שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִזְמַנָּן, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ חוּץ לִזְמַנָּן, וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, זֶה הוּא שֶׁלֹּא קָרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ. לֶאֱכֹל כַּזַּיִת בַּחוּץ וְכַזַּיִת לְמָחָר, כַּזַּיִת לְמָחָר וְכַזַּיִת בַּחוּץ, כַּחֲצִי זַיִת בַּחוּץ וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת לְמָחָר, כַּחֲצִי זַיִת לְמָחָר וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת בַּחוּץ, פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, זֶה הַכְּלָל, אִם מַחֲשֶׁבֶת הַזְּמָן קָדְמָה לְמַחֲשֶׁבֶת הַמָּקוֹם, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִים עָלָיו כָּרֵת. וְאִם מַחֲשֶׁבֶת הַמָּקוֹם קָדְמָה לְמַחֲשֶׁבֶת הַזְּמָן, פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זֶה וָזֶה פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. לֶאֱכֹל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וּלְהַקְטִיר כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, כָּשֵׁר, שֶׁאֵין אֲכִילָה וְהַקְטָרָה מִצְטָרְפִין:

How is the [portion which] permits not offered as is required? If one took the handful [intending to eat it] outside the designated place, [and] put it in a vessel, carried it to the altar, and burned it [with the intention of eating it] after its designated time; Or if one took the handful [intending to eat it] after its designated time, [and] put it in a vessel, carried it to the altar, and burned it [intending to eat it] outside its designated place, or if one took the fistful, put it in vessel, carried it to the altar, and burned it [intending to eat it] outside its designated time. If one took the handful of a sinner’s grain offering or the grain offering of jealousy not for their own sake, and put it in a vessel, carried it to the altar, and burned it [intending to eat them] after their designated time; Or if one took the handful [from them, intending to eat] after their designated time, [and] put it in a vessel, carried it to the altar, and burned it not for their own sake, or if one took out the fistful, put it in vessel, carried it to the altar, and burned for the sake of something else - this is the [portion which] permits not offered as is required. [If one intended] to eat an olive’s bulk outside its designated place [and] an olive’s bulk on the next day, [or] an olive’s bulk on the next day [and] an olive’s bulk outside its designated place; Half an olive’s bulk outside its designated place [and] half an olive’s bulk on the next day; Half an olive’s bulk on the next day [and] half an olive’s bulk outside its designated place, [The sacrifice] is unfit, and does not entail karet. Rabbi Judah said: this is the general rule: where the [improper] intention of time precedes the [improper] intention of place, [the sacrifice] is piggul, and they would be liable for karet; but if the [improper] intention of place precedes the [improper] intention of time, it is invalid and does not entail karet. But the Sages say: in both cases [the sacrifice] is invalid and does not entail karet. [If one intends] to eat half an olive’s bulk [after its intended time or outside its intended place] [and] to burn half an olive’s bulk [similarly] - it is valid, for eating and burning do not combine [to equal an olive's bulk].

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0