מכשירין ג׳Makhshirin 3

Perek 3 of 6 in Makhshirin — 8 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

שַׂק שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא פֵרוֹת וּנְתָנוֹ עַל גַּב הַנָּהָר, אוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר, אוֹ עַל מַעֲלוֹת הַמְּעָרָה, וְשָׁאֲבוּ, כֹּל שֶׁשָּׁאֲבוּ, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא כְנֶגֶד הַמַּיִם, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ כְנֶגֶד הַמַּיִם, אֵינוֹ בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

[If] a sack full of fruit is put on a riverbank, or on the edge of a cistern, or on the steps of a cave and it absorbs [moisture], whatever it absorbs achieves BeKhi Yutan [a state where liquid put upon food makes it susceptible to impurity]. Rabbi Yehudah says: Whatever is against the water achieves BeKhi Yutan, and whatever is not against the water does not achieve BeKhi Yutan.

Mishnah 2ב׳

חָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת וּנְתוּנָה לְתוֹךְ הַמַּשְׁקִין, אוֹ מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין וּנְתוּנָה לְתוֹךְ הַפֵּרוֹת, וְשָׁאֲבוּ, כֹּל שֶׁשָּׁאֲבוּ, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בְּאֵלּוּ מַשְׁקִים אָמְרוּ, בְּמַיִם וּבְיַיִן וּבְחֹמֶץ. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַהֵר בְּקִטְנִית, שֶׁאֵין הַקִּטְנִית שׁוֹאָבֶת:

[If] a jar full of fruit is put into liquid, or [a jar] full of liquid is put into fruit and it [the fruit] absorbs [moisture] whatever it absorbs achieves BeKhi Yutan. What liquids did they [the Sages] refer to? Water, and wine and vinegar. And all other liquids are pure [they do not make food susceptible to impurity]. Rabbi Nechemiah deemed legumes [in the above scenarios] pure because legumes do not absorb [moisture].

Mishnah 3ג׳

הָרוֹדֶה פַת חַמָּה וּנְתָנָהּ עַל פִּי חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל חִטִּים וּמְטַמֵּא בְשֶׁל שְׂעֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַשְּׂעֹרִים שׁוֹאֲבוֹת:

[If] one took hot bread out of the oven and placed it on the mouth of a jar of wine, Rabbi Meir deems it impure [that is, deems it able to contract impurity]. Rabbi Yehudah deems it pure. Rabbi Yose deems it pure [if the bread is made] from wheat, but impure [if the bread is made] from barley, because barley absorbs [moisture].

Mishnah 4ד׳

הַמְרַבֵּץ אֶת בֵּיתוֹ וְנָתַן בּוֹ חִטִּים וְטָנְנוּ, אִם מֵחֲמַת הַמַּיִם, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם מֵחֲמַת הַסֶּלַע, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמְכַבֵּס אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ בַּעֲרֵבָה, נָתַן בָּהּ חִטִּים וְטָנְנוּ, אִם מֵחֲמַת הַמַּיִם, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. אִם מֵחֲמַת עַצְמָן, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמְטַנֵּן בְּחֹל, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאַנְשֵׁי הַמָּחוֹז שֶׁהָיוּ מְטִנִּין בְּחֹל, אָמְרוּ לָהֶם חֲכָמִים, אִם כָּךְ הֱיִיתֶם עוֹשִׂים, לֹא עֲשִׂיתֶם טָהֳרָה מִימֵיכֶם:

[If] one sprinkles his house [with water] and [then] puts wheat in it which became damp, if it was because of the water it achieves BeKhi Yutan; and if it was because of the rock [floor] it does not achieve BeKhi Yutan. [If] one launders his clothing in a trough and [then] puts wheat in it which got damp, if it was because of the water it achieves BeKhi Yutan; and if it was because of itself [the trough] it does not achieve BeKhi Yutan. [If] one put [fruit] in sand to get it damp it achieves BeKhi Yutan. It once happened that the people of Machoz would dampen [their wheat] in sand, [and] the Sages said to them: If this is how you act, you have never made pure [food] in your lives.

…and 4 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0