מעשרות א׳Maasrot 1

Mishnah 1א׳

כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, כָּל שֶׁהוּא אֹכֶל, וְנִשְׁמָר, וְגִדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ, כָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל וְסוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹמְרוֹ לְהוֹסִיף אֹכֶל, חַיָּב קָטָן וְגָדוֹל. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין תְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל אֲבָל סוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂה אֹכֶל:

They stated a rule with regard to tithes: Anything which is food, and is guarded, and grows from the earth, requires tithes. And they stated another rule: Anything that is in its beginning is food, and in its end is food, even if one guards it [and does not pick it when it is small] in order to add food, requires tithes whether it is small or large. And anything that is not in its beginning food, but is in its end is food, does not require tithes until it becomes food.

Mishnah 2ב׳

מֵאֵימָתַי הַפֵּרוֹת חַיָּבוֹת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַתְּאֵנִים, מִשֶּׁיַּבְחִילוּ. הָעֲנָבִים וְהָאֳבָשִׁים, מִשֶּׁהִבְאִישׁוּ. הָאוֹג וְהַתּוּתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. וְכָל הָאֲדֻמִּים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. הָרִמּוֹנִים, מִשֶּׁיִּמַּסּוּ. הַתְּמָרִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ שְׂאֹר. הָאֲפַרְסְקִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ גִידִים. הָאֱגוֹזִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ מְגוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֱגוֹזִים וְהַשְּׁקֵדִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ קְלִפָּה:

From when are fruits required to be tithed? Figs from when they begin to ripen. Grapes and raisins, from when the seed can be seen through the skin. Sumac and strawberries, from when they redden. And all the red [fruit], from when they redden. And pomegranates, from when [their seeds] can be crushed. Dates, from when they begin to swell like leaven. Peaches, from when they develop [the appearance of] veins. Nuts, from when they become like a storehouse [for the separated nutmeat within]. Rabbi Yehudah says, nuts and almonds, from when they develop an [inner] husk.