גיטין ב׳Gittin 2

Mishnah 1א׳

הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב אֲבָל לֹא בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם אֲבָל לֹא בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב כֻּלּוֹ וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם חֶצְיוֹ, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב חֶצְיוֹ וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם כֻּלּוֹ, פָּסוּל. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, פָּסוּל. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ נִכְתָּב, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, פָּסוּל. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ נֶחְתָּם, כָּשֵׁר:

[With regard to] one who brings a bill of divorce from overseas and said, "It was written in my presence, but it was not signed in my presence;" [or,] "It was signed in my presence but it was not written in my presence;" [or,] "The whole [bill of divorce] was written in my presence, but [only] half of it was signed in my presence;" [or,] "Half of it was written in my presence and all of it was signed in my presence," it is invalid. [If] one says, "It was written in my presence," and one says, "It was signed in my presence," it is invalid. [If] two say, "It was written in our presence," and one says, "It was signed in my presence," it is invalid. But Rabbi Yehudah declares it valid. [If] one says, "It was written in my presence," and two say, "It was signed in our presence," it is valid.

Mishnah 2ב׳

נִכְתַּב בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, כָּשֵׁר. בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁיר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַגִּטִּין שֶׁנִּכְתְּבוּ בַיּוֹם וְנֶחְתְּמוּ בַלַּיְלָה, פְּסוּלִין, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים:

If it was written in the daytime and signed in the daytime, [or written] at night and signed at night, [or written] at night, but signed in the daytime, it is valid. If it was written in the daytime, but signed at night, it is invalid. But Rabbi Shimon declares it valid, as Rabbi Shimon would say, "All documents written during the daytime and signed at night are invalid, except for bills of divorce."

Mishnah 3ג׳

בַּכֹּל כּוֹתְבִין, בִּדְיוֹ, בְּסַם, בְּסִקְרָא, וּבְקוֹמוֹס, וּבְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם, וּבְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא שֶׁל קְיָמָא. אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא בְמַשְׁקִים, וְלֹא בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, וְלֹא בְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם. עַל הַכֹּל כּוֹתְבִין, עַל הֶעָלֶה שֶׁל זַיִת, וְעַל הַקֶּרֶן שֶׁל פָּרָה, וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ אֶת הַפָּרָה, עַל יָד שֶׁל עֶבֶד, וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ אֶת הָעָבֶד. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, וְלֹא עַל הָאֳכָלִין:

One may write [a bill of divorce] with any [material]: with ink, with paint, with red paint, with gum, or with vitriol black, and with every other permanent material. One may not write [it] with a drink, nor with fruit juice, nor with any impermanent material. One may write [it] on anything: on an olive leaf; on a cow's horn, but he must give her the cow; on the hand of a slave, but he must give her the slave. Rabbi Yossi HaGelili says, "One may not write on anything that has the spirit of life, nor on foods."

Mishnah 4ד׳

אֵין כּוֹתְבִין בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע. כְּתָבוֹ בִמְחֻבָּר, תְּלָשׁוֹ וַחֲתָמוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ, כָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל, עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתִיבָתוֹ וַחֲתִימָתוֹ בְּתָלוּשׁ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל הַנְּיָר הַמָּחוּק וְלֹא עַל הַדִּפְתְּרָא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְהִזְדַּיֵּף. וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִין:

One may not write [it] on anything that is attached to the ground. [If] one wrote it on something attached, [and] he detached it and signed it and gave it to her, it is valid. Rabbi Yehudah declares it invalid, until its writing and its signing be on something that is detached [from the ground]. Rabbi Yehudah ben Beteirah says, "One may not write it erased paper, nor on hide prepared for writing, because it can be [easily] forged." But the Sages declare it valid.

Mishnah 5ה׳

הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִין לִכְתֹּב אֶת הַגֵּט, אֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. הָאִשָּׁה כוֹתֶבֶת אֶת גִּטָּהּ, וְהָאִישׁ כּוֹתֵב אֶת שׁוֹבְרוֹ, שֶׁאֵין קִיּוּם הַגֵּט אֶלָּא בְחוֹתְמָיו. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִין לְהָבִיא אֶת הַגֵּט, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן וְסוּמָא וְנָכְרִי:

All are qualified to write a bill of divorce, even a deaf-mute, a shoteh and a minor. A woman may write her own bill of divorce, and the husband his receipt [for the amount of the ketubah [monetary settlement payable to a married woman upon divorce or the death of her husband] he has paid her], because the affirmation of legal documents depends solely on the signers. All are valid [agents] to bring a bill of divorce, except for a deaf-mute, an shoteh, a minor, a blind person, and a non-Jew.

Mishnah 6ו׳

קִבֵּל הַקָּטָן וְהִגְדִּיל, חֵרֵשׁ וְנִתְפַּקֵּחַ, סוּמָא וְנִתְפַּתֵּחַ, שׁוֹטֶה וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, נָכְרִי וְנִתְגַּיֵּר, פָּסוּל. אֲבָל פִּקֵּחַ וְנִתְחָרֵשׁ וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּקֵּחַ, פָּתוּחַ וְנִסְתַּמֵּא וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּתֵּחַ, שָׁפוּי וְנִשְׁתַּטָּה וְחָזַר וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, כָּשֵׁר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ וְסוֹפוֹ בְדַעַת, כָּשֵׁר:

[If] a minor accepted a bill of divorce [to deliver] and came of age [before he delivered it], or a deaf person and he recovered his hearing, or a blind person and he recovered his sight, or a shoteh [a person who exhibits signs indicating profound mental incompetence] and he became mentally competent, or a non-Jew and he converted, [the bill of divorce] is invalid. But [if he] was hearing, and became deaf and then recovered his hearing; or he was seeing, and he became blind, and then recovered his sight; or a mentally competent person, and he became a shoteh, and then became mentally competent again, it is valid. This is the rule: Any case in which [at] the beginning and end [he] was with [his] full faculties, it is valid.

Mishnah 7ז׳

אַף הַנָּשִׁים שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנוֹת לוֹמַר מֵת בַּעְלָהּ, נֶאֱמָנוֹת לְהָבִיא אֶת גִּטָּהּ, חֲמוֹתָהּ וּבַת חֲמוֹתָהּ וְצָרָתָהּ וִיבִמְתָּהּ וּבַת בַּעְלָהּ. מַה בֵּין גֵּט לְמִיתָה, שֶׁהַכְּתָב מוֹכִיחַ. הָאִשָּׁה עַצְמָהּ מְבִיאָה אֶת גִּטָּהּ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה לוֹמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם:

Even those women who are not believed to say [with regard to a woman], "Her husband died," are believed to bring her bill of divorce: her mother-in-law, and the daughter of her mother-in-law, her sister-wife, the wife of her husband's brother, and her husband's daughter. What is the difference between [testifying about] a bill of divorce and [about] death? Because [with regard to the bill of divorce] the writing, [i.e., the bill itself,] proves [the testimony to be accurate]. A woman herself may bring her own bill of divorce, but she must declare, "It was written and signed in my presence."