דמאי א׳Demai 1

Mishnah 1א׳

הַקַּלִּין שֶׁבַּדְּמַאי, הַשִּׁיתִין, וְהָרִימִין וְהָעֻזְרָדִין, וּבְנוֹת שׁוּחַ, וּבְנוֹת שִׁקְמָה, וְנוֹבְלוֹת הַתְּמָרָה, וְהַגֻּפְנִין, וְהַנִּצְפָּה. וּבִיהוּדָה, הָאוֹג, וְהַחֹמֶץ שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה, וְהַכֻּסְבָּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַשִּׁיתִין פְּטוּרִין, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל דּוּפְרָה. כָּל הָרִימִין פְּטוּרִין, חוּץ מֵרִימֵי שִׁקְמוֹנָה. כָּל בְּנוֹת שִׁקְמָה פְּטוּרוֹת, חוּץ מִן הַמֻּסְטָפוֹס:

These are those which we are lenient with Demai [produce from which it is uncertain if tithes were already taken]: wild figs, the fruit of the lotus, crab apples, white figs, fruit of the sycamore, stunted dates, dill, and capers; and in Judea, the sumac, Judean vinegar, and coriander. Rabbi Yehudah says, “All the wild figs are exempt except for those that bear twice a year; all the lotus fruits are exempt except for the lotus fruit from Shikmonah; all the sycamore fruits are exempt except for those that have been burst open.”

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַדְּמַאי אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ, וְאֵין לוֹ בִעוּר, וְנֶאֱכָל לְאוֹנֵן, וְנִכְנָס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיוֹצֵא, וּמְאַבְּדִין אֶת מִעוּטוֹ בַּדְּרָכִים, וְנוֹתְנוֹ לְעַם הָאָרֶץ, וְיֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. וּמְחַלְּלִים אוֹתוֹ כֶּסֶף עַל כֶּסֶף, נְחֹשֶׁת עַל נְחשֶׁת, כֶּסֶף עַל נְחֹשֶׁת, וּנְחֹשֶׁת עַל הַפֵּרוֹת, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיַּחֲזֹר וְיִפְדֶּה אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלֶה הַפֵּרוֹת וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִירוּשָׁלָיִם:

Demai does not have a [penalty of a] fifth, and does not require removal, and an Onen [person whose close relative has died and not yet been buried] may eat it, and may enter Jerusalem and leave, and one may lose a small amount of it on the road, and it may be given to an Am HaAretz [one who is lax in observing tithes and purity laws], and he may eat something else instead and exchange it, silver for silver, copper for copper, silver for copper, and copper for fruit. And this is only if he returns to redeem the fruits, this is the opinion of Rabbi Meir. And the sages say, “He brings up the fruit, and they will be eaten in Jerusalem.”