חולין ט׳Chullin 9

Mishnah 1א׳

הָעוֹר, וְהָרֹטֶב, וְהַקִּפָּה, וְהָאֱלָל, וְהָעֲצָמוֹת, וְהַגִּידִין, וְהַקַּרְנַיִם, וְהַטְּלָפַיִם, מִצְטָרְפִין לְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִים, אֲבָל לֹא טֻמְאַת נְבֵלוֹת. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה לְנָכְרִי וּמְפַרְכֶּסֶת, מְטַמְּאָה טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין, אֲבָל לֹא טֻמְאַת נְבֵלוֹת, עַד שֶׁתָּמוּת אוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּתִּיז אֶת רֹאשָׁהּ. רִבָּה לְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין מִמַּה שֶׁרִבָּה לְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת נְבֵלוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֱלָל הַמְכֻנָּס, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כַזַּיִת בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, חַיָּב עָלָיו:

The hide, the juice, the sediment, the offal, the bones, the sinews, the horns, and the hooves combine [to become the minimum size] to render food impure, but not to impart nevelah [an improperly slaughtered animal of a permitted species] impurity. Similarly, one who slaughters an unclean animal for a non-Jew and it is [still] kicking, it renders food impure. But it does not impart nevelah impurity until it dies or its head is cut off. [The Torah] increased those which render food impure over the amount it increased those which impart nevelah impurity. Rabbi Yehuda says, "Offal which combines, if it has an olive's volume in one place, one is liable for it [for nevelah impurity]."

Mishnah 2ב׳

אֵלּוּ שֶׁעוֹרוֹתֵיהֶן כִּבְשָׂרָן, עוֹר הָאָדָם, וְעוֹר חֲזִיר שֶׁל יִשּׁוּב. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף עוֹר חֲזִיר הַבָּר. וְעוֹר חֲטוֹטֶרֶת שֶׁל גָּמָל הָרַכָּה, וְעוֹר הָרֹאשׁ שֶׁל עֵגֶל הָרַךְ, וְעוֹר הַפְּרָסוֹת, וְעוֹר בֵּית הַבֹּשֶׁת, וְעוֹר הַשָּׁלִיל, וְעוֹר שֶׁתַּחַת הָאַלְיָה, וְעוֹר הָאֲנָקָה וְהַכֹּחַ וְהַלְּטָאָה וְהַחֹמֶט. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַלְּטָאָה כַחֻלְדָּה. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁעִבְּדָן אוֹ שֶׁהִלֵּךְ בָּהֶן כְּדֵי עֲבוֹדָה, טְהוֹרִין, חוּץ מֵעוֹר הָאָדָם. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, שְׁמֹנָה שְׁרָצִים יֵשׁ לָהֶן עוֹרוֹת:

[For] these their skin is like their flesh [in regards to impurity]: the skin of a person and the skin of a domestic pig. Rabbi Yose says, "Even the skin of a wild pig." And the skin of the hump of a soft camel, the skin of the head of a soft calf, the skin of the hooves, the skin of the genitals, the skin of the fetus, the skin under the tail, and the skin of the gecko, the crocodile, the lizard, and the sand-lizard [four of the eight types of sherets, small animals, such as insects, reptiles, or rodents, which move by scurrying, creeping, slithering, etc., the vast majority of which are prohibited for consumption]. Rabbi Yehuda says, "The lizard is like a weasel." And all of them which one dressed, or one trampled on for the sake of dressing, are pure, except for the skin of a person. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says, "The eight sheratsim have skin [not like their flesh]."

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַמַּפְשִׁיט בַּבְּהֵמָה וּבַחַיָּה, בַּטְּהוֹרָה וּבַטְּמֵאָה, בַּדַּקָּה וּבַגַּסָּה, לְשָׁטִיחַ, כְּדֵי אֲחִיזָה. וּלְחֵמֶת, עַד שֶׁיַּפְשִׁיט אֶת הֶחָזֶה. הַמַּרְגִּיל, כֻּלּוֹ חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה, לִטָּמֵא וּלְטַמֵּא. עוֹר שֶׁעַל הַצַּוָּאר, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, חִבּוּר, עַד שֶׁיַּפְשִׁיט אֶת כֻּלּוֹ:

[If] one flays a domesticated animal or a wild animal -whether permitted [to eat] or prohibited, small or large - to [use as a] cover , [until] enough to grip [is flayed, it is regarded as connected to the body]. For a waterskin, until one flays the breast. [If] one flays from the limbs, it is all [considered] connected [for matters] of impurity, becoming impure, and imparting impurity. The skin which is on the neck, Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says, "It is not connected." But the Sages say, "It is connected, until one flays all of it."

Mishnah 4ד׳

עוֹר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר, הַנּוֹגֵע בְּצִיב הַיּוֹצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ, וּבְשַׂעֲרָה שֶׁכְּנֶגְדּוֹ, טָמֵא. הָיוּ עָלָיו כִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים, מְטַמֵּא בְמַשָּׂא וְלֹא בְמַגָּע, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא בְמַגָּע וְלֹא בְמַשָּׂא. וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים שֶׁתְּחָבָן בְּקֵיסָם וֶהֱסִיטָן, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא. וּמִפְּנֵי מָה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַהֵר בָּעוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָעוֹר מְבַטְּלָן:

[For] skin which has on it an olive's volume of flesh, one who touches some fluff coming out from it, or a hair opposite it is impure. "If it had two half-olive's volume [pieces] on it, it causes impurity through carrying but not touched," in the words of Rabbi Yishmael. Rabbi Akiva says, "Neither through carrying nor through touching." But Rabbi Akiva agrees for two half olive's volume [pieces] where one places a wood chip under them and removes them, that the person is impure. So for what [reason] did Rabbi Akiva declare pure [for the case] of skin? Because the skin renders them void.

Mishnah 5ה׳

קוּלִית הַמֵּת וְקוּלִית הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁים, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן, בֵּין סְתוּמִים בֵּין נְקוּבִים, טָמֵא. קוּלִית נְבֵלָה וְקוּלִית הַשֶּׁרֶץ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן סְתוּמִים, טְהוֹרִים. נְקוּבִים כָּל שֶׁהוּא, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע. מִנַּיִן שֶׁאַף בְּמַשָּׂא, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (ויקרא יא), הַנֹּגֵעַ וְהַנֹּשֵׂא, אֶת שֶׁבָּא לִכְלָל מַגָּע, בָּא לִכְלָל מַשָּׂא, לֹא בָא לִכְלָל מַגָּע, לֹא בָא לִכְלָל מַשָּׂא:

The thigh-bone of a corpse or thigh-bone of mukdashim [animals or food which are holy and not available for general consumption], one who touches them, whether stopped up or pierced, is impure. The thigh-bone of a nevelah or the thigh-bone of a sherets one who touches them when they are stopped up is pure. [If] they are are pierced at all, they render impure through touch. From where [do we learn they render impure] even through carrying? The Scripture says, "The one who touches," (Leviticus 11:24), and, "The one who carries," (Leviticus 11:25). That which comes under the regime of touching [impurity] comes under the regime of carrying [impurity]. If it does not come under the regime of touching, it does not come under the regime of carrying.

Mishnah 6ו׳

בֵּיצַת הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַמְרֻקֶּמֶת, טְהוֹרָה. נִקְּבָה כָל שֶׁהוּא, טְמֵאָה. עַכְבָּר שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ בָשָׂר וְחֶצְיוֹ אֲדָמָה, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּבָּשָׂר, טָמֵא. בָּאֲדָמָה, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּאֲדָמָה שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הַבָּשָׂר, טָמֵא:

The developed egg of a sherets is pure. If it is pierced at all, it is impure. A mouse which is half flesh and half dirt, one who touches the flesh is impure; the dirt, [the person] is pure. Rabbi Yehuda says, "Even one who touches the dirt which is opposite the flesh is impure."

Mishnah 7ז׳

הָאֵבָר וְהַבָּשָׂר הַמְדֻלְדָּלִין בִּבְהֵמָה, מְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין בִּמְקוֹמָן, וּצְרִיכִין הֶכְשֵׁר. נִשְׁחֲטָה בְהֵמָה, הֻכְשְׁרוּ בְדָמֶיהָ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא הֻכְשָׁרוּ. מֵתָה הַבְּהֵמָה, הַבָּשָׂר צָרִיךְ הֶכְשֵׁר. הָאֵבָר מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֵבָר מִן הַחַי וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֵבַר נְבֵלָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר:

The limb and the flesh which are loosely connected to an animal impart food impurity in their place, and require being made fit [to contract impurity]. "[If] the animal was slaughtered, it is made fit through its blood," in the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says, "[The blood] does not make them fit." If the animal died, the meat requires being made fit. "A limb renders impure due to [the regime of] 'a limb from a a living animal,' but does not render impure due to the limb of a nevelah," in the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Shimon declares pure.

Mishnah 8ח׳

הָאֵבָר וְהַבָּשָׂר הַמְדֻלְדָּלִין בָּאָדָם, טְהוֹרִין. מֵת הָאָדָם, הַבָּשָׂר טָהוֹר. הָאֵבָר מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֵבָר מִן הַחַי וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֵבָר מִן הַמֵּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר:

A limb and flesh which are loosely connected to a person are pure. [If] the person died, the flesh is pure. "A limb renders impure due to 'a limb from a living animal,' but does not render impure due to the limb from a corpse," in the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Shimon declares pure.