חלה א׳Challah 1

Perek 1 of 4 in Challah — 9 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים חַיָּבִים בַּחַלָּה, הַחִטִּים וְהַשְּׂעוֹרִים וְהַכֻּסְּמִין וְשִׁבֹּלֶת שׁוּעָל וְשִׁיפוֹן. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וַאֲסוּרִין בֶּחָדָשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, וּמִלִּקְצֹר מִלִּפְנֵי הָעֹמֶר. וְאִם הִשְׁרִישׁוּ קֹדֶם לָעֹמֶר, הָעֹמֶר מַתִּירָן. וְאִם לָאו, אֲסוּרִין עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא הָעֹמֶר הַבָּא:

Five things are obligated in Challah [dough that must be set aside for the priest]: wheat, barley, spelt, oats, and rye. These are obligated in Challah, and they join with each other [to complete the minimum measurement required for Challah], and they are forbidden as Chadash [grain from the current year that one is forbidden to eat until the Omer (the special barley offering, offered the day after Passover, which permits grain harvested in the last year to be eaten) is brought] from before Passover and to be harvested before the Omer. But if they took root before the Omer, the Omer makes them permissible [to be eaten]; but if they did not, they are forbidden [to be eaten] until the next Omer.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הָאוֹכֵל מֵהֶם כַּזַּיִת מַצָּה בְּפֶסַח, יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. כַּזַּיִת חָמֵץ, חַיָּב בְּהִכָּרֵת. נִתְעָרֵב אֶחָד מֵהֶם בְּכָל הַמִּינִים, הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹבֵר בְּפֶסַח. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַפַּת וּמִן הַתְּבוּאָה, אָסוּר בָּהֶם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵהֶן. וְחַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה וּבַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת:

One who eats an olive's bulk of them as Matsah [unleavened bread] on Passover has fulfilled one's obligation; an olive's bulk of Chamets [leavened bread, prohibited on Passover], one is liable for Karet [to be cut off spiritually from the Jewish nation]. One who intermingles one of them with other things transgresses on Passover. One who swore off bread and crops is forbidden from them; so says Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: One who swore off wheat is only forbidden from particularly [wheat]. They are liable in Challah and Ma'aserot [tithes].

Mishnah 3ג׳

אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַלֶּקֶט, וְהַשִּׁכְחָה, וְהַפֵּאָה, וְהַהֶפְקֵר, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וּמוֹתַר הָעֹמֶר, וּתְבוּאָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תְּבוּאָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה:

The following are obligated in Challah, but are exempt from Ma'aserot: the Leket [individual stalks which fall during harvest, which must be left for the poor to glean], the Shikhecha [individual sheaves, forgotten in the field, which must be left for the poor to collect], the Pe'ah [a corner of the field that is required to be left for the poor], the Hefker [property rendered ownerless by renunciation of its former owner], the Ma'aser Rishon [the first tithe of produce, which must be given to the Levi] whose Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household] was taken, and the Ma'aser Sheni [the second tithe of produce, which must be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there] and Hekdesh [property, living or inanimate, devoted by its owner for sacred purposes, by which action he ceases to be its owner] that were redeemed, the surplus of the Omer offering, and crops that have not yet yielded a third [of their produce]. Rabbi Eliezer says: crops which have not yet yielded a third [of their produce] are exempt from Challah.

Mishnah 4ד׳

אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַחַלָּה, הָאֹרֶז, וְהַדֹּחַן, וְהַפְּרָגִים, וְהַשֻּׁמְשְׁמִין, וְהַקִּטְנִיּוֹת, וּפָחוֹת מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים בַּתְּבוּאָה. הַסֻּפְגָּנִין, וְהַדֻּבְשָׁנִין, וְהָאִסְקְרִיטִין, וְחַלַּת הַמַּשְׂרֵת, וְהַמְדֻמָּע, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַחַלָּה:

The following are obligated in Ma'aserot, but are exempt from Challah: Rice, and millet, and poppies, and sesames, and legumes, and [harvest that yielded] less than five fourths of grain. Sponge breads, and honey breads, and cookies, and pan loaf, and Meduma [mixture of Chulin (permitted foodstuff) and Terumah that is forbidden to non-Kohanim] dough, are all exempt from Challah.

…and 5 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0