בכורות ט׳Bekhorot 9

Perek 9 of 9 in Bekhorot — 8 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

מַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה נוֹהֵג בָּאָרֶץ וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת וְשֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת, בַּחֻלִּין אֲבָל לֹא בַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין. וְנוֹהֵג בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן, וְאֵינָן מִתְעַשְּׂרִים מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. בַּכְּבָשִׂים וּבָעִזִּים, וּמִתְעַשְּׂרִין מִזֶּה עַל זֶּה. בֶּחָדָשׁ, וּבַיָּשָׁן, וְאֵינָן מִתְעַשְּׂרִין מִזֶּה עַל זֶּה. שֶׁהָיָה בַּדִּין, מָה אִם הֶחָדָשׁ וְהַיָּשָׁן שֶׁאֵינָן כִּלְאַיִם זֶה בָזֶה, אֵין מִתְעַשְּׂרִין מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. הַכְּבָשִׂים וְהָעִזִּים שֶׁהֵם כִּלְאַיִם זֶה בָזֶה, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁלֹּא יִתְעַשְּׂרוּ מִזֶּה עַל זֶה, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (ויקרא כז), וָצֹאן, מִשְׁמָע כָּל צֹאן, אֶחָד:

The animal tithe applies both in Israel and outside Israel, both when the Temple stands and when the Temple does not exist, for non-sacred animals but not for sacred animals. And it applies to cattle and flock [i.e., sheep and goats], but they cannot be tithed one for the other. [It applies to] sheep and goats, and they may be tithed one for the other. It applies to both new and old animals but they are not tithed one for the other. Because we could have said: If old and new animals which do not make a mixed breed, are not tithed one for the other, all the more so sheep and goats, which do create a mixed breed, certainly should not be tithed one for the other! Therefore it says (Leviticus 27) "and flock" which means all [types of] flock [animals] are one.

Mishnah 2ב׳

מַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה מִצְטָרֵף כִּמְלֹא רֶגֶל בְּהֵמָה רוֹעָה. וְכַמָּה הִיא רֶגֶל בְּהֵמָה רוֹעָה, שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר מִיל. הָיָה בֵּין אֵלּוּ לְאֵלּוּ שְׁלשִׁים וּשְׁנַיִם מִיל, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. הָיָה לוֹ בָאֶמְצָע, מֵבִיא וּמְעַשְּׂרָן בָּאֶמְצָע. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַיַּרְדֵּן מַפְסִיק לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה:

Tithed animals join together as long as they are within grazing distance [of one another]. And what is grazing distance? Sixteen [Roman] miles. If there was between these [animals] and these [animals] thirty-two mils, they do not combine. If [however] he had one [animal] in the middle he brings them into the middle and tithes them. Rabbi Meir says: the [river] Jordan is divides for matters of tithing animals.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַלָּקוּחַ אוֹ שֶׁנִּתַּן לוֹ מַתָּנָה, פָּטוּר מִמַּעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. הָאַחִים הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁחַיָּבִין בַּקָּלְבּוֹן, פְּטוּרִין מִמַּעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. וְשֶׁחַיָּבִין בְּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַקָּלְבּוֹן. קָנוּ מִתְּפוּסַת הַבַּיִת, חַיָּבִין. וְאִם לָאו, פְּטוּרִין. חָלְקוּ וְחָזְרוּ וְנִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ, חַיָּבִּין בַּקָּלְבּוֹן וּפְטוּרִין מִמַּעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה:

That which was bought or given to him as a gift is exempt from the animal tithe. [Orphaned] brothers [who are are still] partners who are obligated in the kalbon [surcharge added, in certain cases, to the yearly half-shekel Temple dues] are exempt from the animal tithe and those who are obligated in the animal tithe are exempt from the kalbon. If they bought it with what they inherited they are obligated but if not they are exempt. If they divided [their jointly-held inheritance] and then became partners once again, they are obligated in the kalbon but exempt from the animal tithe.

Mishnah 4ד׳

הַכֹּל נִכְנָס לַדִּיר לְהִתְעַשֵּׂר, חוּץ מִן הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַטְּרֵפָה, וְיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן, וּמְחֻסַּר זְמָן, וְיָתוֹם. אֵיזֶהוּ יָתוֹם, כּל שֶׁמֵּתָה אִמּוֹ אוֹ שֶׁנִּשְׁחָטָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נִשְׁחֲטָה אִמּוֹ וְהַשֶּׁלַח קַיָּם, אֵין זֶה יָתוֹם:

All enter the pen to be tithed except mixed species, a terefah, [one delivered by] cesarean section, an animal too young for sacrifice, and an orphan. And what is an orphan? When its mother has died during its birth or was slaughtered [and subsequently gave birth.] Rabbi Joshua says: even if its mother has been slaughtered, if the [mother's] hide is still intact the offspring is not an orphan.

…and 4 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0