בבא מציעא ח׳Bava Metzia 8

Mishnah 1א׳

הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְשָׁאַל בְּעָלֶיהָ עִמָּהּ אוֹ שָׂכַר בְּעָלֶיהָ עִמָּה. שָׁאַל הַבְּעָלִים אוֹ שְׂכָרָן, וּלְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁאַל אֶת הַפָּרָה, וָמֵתָה, פָּטוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כב) אִם בְּעָלָיו עִמּוֹ לֹא יְשַׁלֵּם. אֲבָל שָׁאַל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁאַל אֶת הַבְּעָלִים אוֹ שְׂכָרָן, וָמֵתָה, חַיָּב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) בְּעָלָיו אֵין עִמּוֹ שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם:

[If] one borrows a cow and borrows the owners with it; or hires its owners with it; [or if] one borrowed the owners or hired them, and subsequently borrowed the cow, and it died, he is exempt, as is written (Exodus 22:14): “If its owner was with it no restitution need be made." But if he borrowed the cow, and subsequently borrowed the owners or hired them, and it died, he is liable, as is written (Exodus 22:13): “Its owner not being with it, he must make restitution."

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה, שְׁאָלָהּ חֲצִי הַיּוֹם וּשְׂכָרָהּ חֲצִי הַיּוֹם, שְׁאָלָהּ הַיּוֹם וּשְׂכָרָהּ לְמָחָר, שָׂכַר אַחַת וְשָׁאַל אַחַת, וָמֵתָה, הַמַּשְׁאִיל אוֹמֵר שְׁאוּלָה מֵתָה, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׁאוּלָה מֵתָה, בַּשָּׁעָה שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׁאוּלָה מֵתָה, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ, חַיָּב. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אוֹמֵר שְׂכוּרָה מֵתָה, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׂכוּרָה מֵתָה, בַּשָּׁעָה שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׂכוּרָה מֵתָה, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ, פָּטוּר. זֶה אוֹמֵר שְׁאוּלָה וְזֶה אוֹמֵר שְׂכוּרָה, יִשָּׁבַע הַשּׂוֹכֵר שֶׁשְּׂכוּרָה מֵתָה. זֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ, יַחֲלֹקוּ:

If one who borrowed a cow borrowed it for half a day and rented it for half a day, or borrowed it for one day and hired it for the next, or hired one and borrowed one, and it died, [if] the lender says: “The borrowed one died,” [or] “On the day when it was borrowed it died,” [or] “During the time when it was borrowed it died,” and the other one says: “I don’t know," he is liable. [If] the hirer says, “It was the hired one that died,” [or] “On the day when it was hired it died,” [or] “During the time when it was borrowed it died,” and the other says, “I do not know," he is exempt. [If] this one says, “It was [the] borrowed [one],” and this one says, “It was [the] hired [one],” the hirer should swear that it was the hired one that died. [If] this one says, “I do not know,” and this one says, “I do not know,” they should divide.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה, וְשִׁלְּחָהּ לוֹ בְּיַד בְּנוֹ, בְּיַד עַבְדּוֹ, בְּיַד שְׁלוּחוֹ, אוֹ בְיַד בְּנוֹ, בְּיַד עַבְדּוֹ, בְּיַד שְׁלוּחוֹ שֶׁל שׁוֹאֵל, וָמֵתָה, פָּטוּר. אָמַר לוֹ הַשּׁוֹאֵל, שַׁלְּחָהּ לִי בְּיַד בְּנִי, בְּיַד עַבְדִּי, בְּיַד שְׁלוּחִי, אוֹ בְּיַד בִּנְךָ, בְּיַד עַבְדְּךָ, בְּיַד שְׁלוּחֲךָ, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַמַּשְׁאִיל, הֲרֵינִי מְשַׁלְּחָהּ לְךָ בְּיַד בְּנִי, בְּיַד עַבְדִּי, בְּיַד שְׁלוּחִי, אוֹ בְּיַד בִּנְךָ, בְּיַד עַבְדְּךָ, בְּיַד שְׁלוּחֲךָ, וְאָמַר לוֹ הַשּׁוֹאֵל, שַׁלַּח, וְשִׁלְּחָהּ וָמֵתָה, חַיָּב. וְכֵן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמַּחֲזִירָהּ:

[If] one borrowed a cow, and [the lender] sent it to him in the hands of his son, in the hands of his [own] slave, in the hands of his [own] agent, or in the hands of [the borrower's] son, in the hands of his slave, in the hands of an agent, and it died, he is exempt. If the borrower said to him, “Send it to me in the hands of my son,” “In the hands of my slave,” “In the hands of my agent,” or “In the hands of your son,” “In the hands of your slave,” [or] “In the hands of your agent," or if the lender said to him, “Behold, I am sending it to you in the hands of my son,” “In the hands of my slave,” [or] “In the hands of my agent,” or “In the hands of your son,” “In the hands of your slave,” “In the hands of your agent,” and the borrower said to him, “Send [it],” and he sent it and it died, he is liable. And so too at the time when he returns it.

Mishnah 4ד׳

הַמַּחֲלִיף פָּרָה בַּחֲמוֹר וְיָלְדָה, וְכֵן הַמּוֹכֵר שִׁפְחָתוֹ וְיָלְדָה, זֶה אוֹמֵר עַד שֶׁלֹּא מָכָרְתִּי, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר מִשֶּׁלָּקָחְתִּי, יַחֲלֹקוּ. הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁנֵי עֲבָדִים, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי שָׂדוֹת, אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַת קְטַנָּה, הַלּוֹקֵחַ אוֹמֵר גָּדוֹל לָקַחְתִּי, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ, זָכָה בַגָּדוֹל. הַמּוֹכֵר אוֹמֵר קָטָן מָכָרְתִּי, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא קָטָן. זֶה אוֹמֵר גָּדוֹל וְזֶה אוֹמֵר קָטָן, יִשָּׁבַע הַמּוֹכֵר שֶׁהַקָּטָן מָכָר. זֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ, יַחֲלֹקוּ:

[If] one exchanged a cow for a donkey, and it gave birth, and so too [if] one sold his female slave and she gave birth: this one says, “[It was] before I sold [her],” and this one says, “After I bought [her]," they should divide. He had two slaves, one large and one small, and so too with two fields, one large and one small: The buyer says, “I bought the large one,” and the other says, “I don’t know,” he obtains the large one. The seller says, “I sold the small one,” and the other says, “I do not know,” he [can] only [claim] the small one. This one says, “It was the large one,” and the other one says, “It was the small one,” the seller must swear that he sold the small one. This one says, “I do not know,” and the other one says, “I do not know,” they should divide.

Mishnah 5ה׳

הַמּוֹכֵר זֵיתָיו לְעֵצִים, וְעָשׂוּ פָּחוֹת מֵרְבִיעִית לִסְאָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַזֵּיתִים. עָשׂוּ רְבִיעִית לִסְאָה, זֶה אוֹמֵר זֵיתַי גִּדְּלוּ, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אַרְצִי גִדְּלָה, יַחֲלֹקוּ. שָׁטַף נָהָר זֵיתָיו וּנְתָנָם לְתוֹךְ שְׂדֵה חֲבֵרוֹ, זֶה אוֹמֵר זֵיתַי גִּדְּלוּ, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אַרְצִי גִדְּלָה, יַחֲלֹקוּ:

The one who sells his olive trees for wood, and they produced less than a revi'it [quarter-log] per se'ah, these belong to the owner of the olives. If they gave a revi'it per se'ah: This one says, “My olives produced it," and this one says, “My land produced it," they should divide. If the river flooded his olives and placed them within the field of his fellow: This one says, “My olives produced it," and the other says, “My land produced it," they should divide.

Mishnah 6ו׳

הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵרוֹ, בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִן הֶחָג וְעַד הַפֶּסַח, בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. וּבַכְּרַכִּים, אֶחָד יְמוֹת הַחַמָּה וְאֶחָד יְמוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. וּבַחֲנוּיוֹת, אֶחָד עֲיָרוֹת וְאֶחָד כְּרַכִּים, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, חֲנוּת שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִים וְשֶׁל צַבָּעִים, שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים:

[If] one leased a house to his fellow in the rainy season, he cannot evict him from Sukkot until Pesach. In the summer, thirty days [before Sukkot]. And in large cities, whether during the rainy season or the summer, twelve months. And concerning stores, whether in towns or large cities, twelve months. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Stores of bakers or dyers, three years.

Mishnah 7ז׳

הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הַמַּשְׂכִּיר חַיָּב בַּדֶּלֶת, בַּנֶּגֶר, וּבְמַנְעוּל, וּבְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁמַּעֲשֵׂה אֻמָּן. אֲבָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַעֲשֵׂה אֻמָּן, הַשּׂוֹכֵר עוֹשֵׂהוּ. הַזֶּבֶל, שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, וְאֵין לַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַתַּנּוּר וּמִן הַכִּירַיִם בִּלְבָד:

[If] one leased a house to his fellow: the leaser is obligated [to provide] a door, a bolt, a lock, and anything which is the work of a craftsman. But as for anything which is not the work of a craftsman, the tenant must make it. The manure belongs to the owner of the house, and the tenant only [may only claim] what comes out from the oven and from the stove.

Mishnah 8ח׳

הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵרוֹ לְשָׁנָה, נִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה, נִתְעַבְּרָה לַשּׂוֹכֵר. הִשְׂכִּיר לוֹ לֶחֳדָשִׁים, נִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה, נִתְעַבְּרָה לַמַּשְׂכִּיר. מַעֲשֶׂה בְצִפּוֹרִי בְּאֶחָד שֶׁשָּׂכַר מֶרְחָץ מֵחֲבֵרוֹ בִּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר זָהָב לְשָׁנָה, מִדִּינַר זָהָב לְחֹדֶשׁ, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְלִפְנֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְאָמְרוּ, יַחֲלֹקוּ אֶת חֹדֶשׁ הָעִבּוּר:

[If] one leased a house to his fellow for a year, and the year was intercalated, the added [month] is for the tenant. If he leased it to him by month, and the year was intercalated, the added [month] is for the owner. It happened in Tzippori, that a person leased a bath-house from his fellow at twelve golden dinarin a year, a dinar per month, and the case came before Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel and before Rabbi Yose, and they said: They should divide the intercalated month.

Mishnah 9ט׳

הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְנָפַל, חַיָּב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ בָּיִת. הָיָה קָטָן, לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ גָדוֹל, גָּדוֹל, לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ קָטָן. אֶחָד, לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ שְׁנַיִם, שְׁנַיִם, לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ אֶחָד. לֹא יִפְחֹת מֵהַחַלּוֹנוֹת וְלֹא יוֹסִיף עֲלֵיהֶן, אֶלָּא מִדַּעַת שְׁנֵיהֶם:

[If] one leased a house to his fellow and it fell, he is obligated to restore a house for him. If it was small, he may not make it large; if it was large, he may not make it small. If it was a single unit, he may not make it two; if it was two he may not make it one. He may not reduce the windows nor increase them, without their mutual consent.