בבא מציעא ה׳Bava Metzia 5

Mishnah 1א׳

אֵיזֶהוּ נֶשֶׁךְ וְאֵיזֶהוּ תַרְבִּית. אֵיזֶהוּ נֶשֶׁךְ. הַמַּלְוֶה סֶלַע בַּחֲמִשָּׁה דִינָרִין, סָאתַיִם חִטִּין בְּשָׁלשׁ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׁךְ. וְאֵיזֶהוּ תַרְבִּית, הַמַּרְבֶּה בְּפֵרוֹת. כֵּיצַד. לָקַח הֵימֶנּוּ חִטִּין בְּדִינַר זָהָב הַכּוֹר, וְכֵן הַשַּׁעַר, עָמְדוּ חִטִּין בִּשְׁלשִׁים דִּינָרִין, אָמַר לוֹ תֶּן לִי חִטַּי, שֶׁאֲנִי רוֹצֶה לְמָכְרָן וְלִקַּח בָּהֶן יָיִן. אָמַר לוֹ הֲרֵי חִטֶּיךָ עֲשׂוּיוֹת עָלַי בִּשְׁלשִׁים, וַהֲרֵי לְךָ אֶצְלִי בָּהֶן יָיִן, וְיַיִן אֵין לוֹ:

Which act is usury and which act is profiteering? Which act is usury? The one who lends a sela for five dinarin, or two se'im of wheat for three, that transaction is forbidden because [the interest] bites. And what is profiteering? One who increases [his profit] with produce. How so? One bought wheat from him at a golden dinar for a kor [when] such was the market price, and then wheat rose to thirty [silver] dinarin. [If] he said to him, “Give me my wheat since I want to sell them and buy wine with them” and [the other] said to him, “Let your wheat be reckoned with me at thirty dinarin and you now have a claim on me for wine," although he [the creditor] has no wine.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יָדוּר בַּחֲצֵרוֹ חִנָּם, וְלֹא יִשְׂכֹּר מִמֶּנּוּ בְּפָחוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא רִבִּית. מַרְבִּין עַל הַשָּׂכָר, וְאֵין מַרְבִּין עַל הַמֶּכֶר. כֵּיצַד. הִשְׂכִּיר לוֹ אֶת חֲצֵרוֹ, וְאָמַר לוֹ, אִם מֵעַכְשָׁיו אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לִי, הֲרֵי הוּא לְךָ בְּעֶשֶׂר סְלָעִים לְשָׁנָה, וְאִם שֶׁל חֹדֶשׁ בְּחֹדֶשׁ, בְּסֶלַע לְחֹדֶשׁ, מֻתָּר. מָכַר לוֹ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאָמַר לוֹ, אִם מֵעַכְשָׁיו אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לִי, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלְּךָ בְּאֶלֶף זוּז, אִם לַגֹּרֶן, בִּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר מָנֶה, אָסוּר:

[If] one lends [money] to his fellow, he may not dwell in his courtyard for free or rent it from him at a reduced [rate], since this is usury. One may increase the rent but may not increase the purchase price. How so? If he rented him his courtyard, and said to him, "If you pay me now [the cost] is ten sela'im per year, but if on a monthly basis, the rent is one sela per month," [this] is permitted. If he sold him his field and said to him, “If you pay me now, it is yours for one thousand zuz, but if [at the time of] threshing it will be twelve maneh," [this] is forbidden.