בבא מציעא י׳Bava Metzia 10

Mishnah 1א׳

הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲלִיָּה שֶׁל שְׁנַיִם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ, שְׁנֵיהֶם חוֹלְקִים בָּעֵצִים וּבָאֲבָנִים וּבֶעָפָר, וְרוֹאִים אֵילוּ אֲבָנִים הָרְאוּיוֹת לְהִשְׁתַּבֵּר. אִם הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן מַכִּיר מִקְצָת אֲבָנָיו, נוֹטְלָן וְעוֹלוֹת לוֹ מִן הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן:

A house and upper story belonging to two [separate] individuals that collapsed, the two of them divide the wood, stones, and mortar. And they look [at] which stones were likely to be broken. If one of them recognized some of his stones, he may take them and they are counted toward his portion.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲלִיָּה שֶׁל שְׁנַיִם, נִפְחֲתָה הָעֲלִיָּה וְאֵין בַּעַל הַבַּיִת רוֹצֶה לְתַקֵּן, הֲרֵי בַעַל הָעֲלִיָּה יוֹרֵד וְדָר לְמַטָּה, עַד שֶׁיְּתַקֵּן לוֹ אֶת הָעֲלִיָּה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַתַּחְתּוֹן נוֹתֵן אֶת הַתִּקְרָה, וְהָעֶלְיוֹן אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה:

A house and upper story belonging to two [separate] individuals: [if the floor of] the upper story deteriorated, and the landlord does not wish to fix [it], the owner of the upper story goes down and lives below until he fixes the upper story for him. Rabbi Yose says: The one who is below gives the ceiling, and the upper one [gives] the pavement.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲלִיָּה שֶׁל שְׁנַיִם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ, אָמַר בַּעַל הָעֲלִיָּה לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת לִבְנוֹת, וְהוּא אֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לִבְנוֹת, הֲרֵי בַעַל הָעֲלִיָּה בּוֹנֶה אֶת הַבַּיִת וְדָר בְּתוֹכוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתֶּן לוֹ אֶת יְצִיאוֹתָיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף זֶה דָּר בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, צָרִיךְ לְהַעֲלוֹת לוֹ שָׂכָר, אֶלָּא בַעַל הָעֲלִיָּה בּוֹנֶה אֶת הַבַּיִת וְאֶת הָעֲלִיָּה וּמְקָרֶה אֶת הָעֲלִיָּה, וְיוֹשֵׁב בַּבַּיִת עַד שֶׁיִּתֶּן לוֹ אֶת יְצִיאוֹתָיו:

A house and upper story belongs to two [separate] individuals, and both collapsed: if the owner of the upper story told the landlord to build [the lower level], and he did not want to build, the owner of the upper story builds the house and lives within it, until he pays him his expenses. Rabbi Yehudah says: then this one was living in [the property] belonging to his fellow, [and] he needs to pay him rent! Rather, if the owner of the upper story builds the house, the upper story, and the ceiling, he may dwell in the house until he pays him his expenses.

Mishnah 4ד׳

וְכֵן בֵּית הַבַּד שֶׁהוּא בָנוּי בְּסֶלַע, וְגִנָּה אַחַת עַל גַּבָּיו, וְנִפְחַת, הֲרֵי בַעַל הַגִּנָּה יוֹרֵד וְזוֹרֵעַ לְמַטָּה עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה לְבֵית בַּדּוֹ כִּפִּין. הַכֹּתֶל וְהָאִילָן שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְהִזִּיקוּ, פָּטוּר מִלְּשַׁלֵּם. נָתְנוּ לוֹ זְמַן לָקֹץ אֶת הָאִילָן וְלִסְתֹּר אֶת הַכֹּתֶל, וְנָפְלוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַזְּמָן, פָּטוּר, לְאַחַר הַזְּמָן, חַיָּב:

And this is also the case with the house of an olive-press, which is built into the rock and there is a single garden above it and it collapses: the owner of the garden goes down and sows below, until [the owner of the olive-press] makes the arches of his olive-press. [If] a wall or a tree fell into the public domain and caused damage, he is exempt from paying. If they had given him a set amount of time to trim the tree or to tear down the wall, and they fell within the time, he is exempt. After that time, he is liable.

Mishnah 5ה׳

מִי שֶׁהָיָה כֹתְלוֹ סָמוּךְ לְגִנַּת חֲבֵרוֹ וְנָפַל, וְאָמַר לוֹ פַּנֵּה אֲבָנֶיךָ, וְאָמַר לוֹ הִגִּיעוּךָ, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. מִשֶּׁקִּבֵּל עָלָיו אָמַר לוֹ הֵילָךְ אֶת יְצִיאוֹתֶיךָ וַאֲנִי אֶטֹּל אֶת שֶׁלִּי, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת עִמּוֹ בְּתֶבֶן וּבְקַשׁ, וְאָמַר לוֹ תֶּן לִי שְׂכָרִי, וְאָמַר לוֹ טֹל מַה שֶּׁעָשִׂיתָ בִּשְׂכָרֶךָ, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. מִשֶּׁקִּבֵּל עָלָיו וְאָמַר לוֹ הֵילָךְ שְׂכָרְךָ וַאֲנִי אֶטֹּל אֶת שֶׁלִּי, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. הַמּוֹצִיא זֶבֶל לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, הַמּוֹצִיא מוֹצִיא וְהַמְזַבֵּל מְזַבֵּל. אֵין שׁוֹרִין טִיט בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְאֵין לוֹבְנִים לְבֵנִים. אֲבָל גּוֹבְלִין טִיט בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אֲבָל לֹא לְבֵנִים. הַבּוֹנֶה בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, הַמֵּבִיא אֲבָנִים מֵבִיא וְהַבּוֹנֶה בּוֹנֶה. וְאִם הִזִּיק, מְשַׁלֵּם מַה שֶּׁהִזִּיק. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף מְתַקֵּן הוּא אֶת מְלַאכְתּוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם:

[If] one's wall was adjacent to his fellow's garden and it fell, and he said to him, "Remove your stones," and he said to him: "They have come to you," they do not listen to him. [If], once he has accepted it upon himself, he said to him: "Here are your expenditures, and I will take what is mine," they do not listen to him. [If] one hires a worker to work with him on straw or stubble, and he said to him, "Pay me my wages," and he said to him: "Take what you made as your wage," they do not listen to him. [If,] once he has accepted it upon himself, he said to him, "Here are your wages and I will take what is mine," they do not listen to him. [If] one removes his manure into the public domain, the one who removes it [from there] has removed [it], and one who has spread out the manure has spread it out. Clay may not be soaked in the public domain, nor may bricks be baked. But clay may be kneaded in the public domain, though bricks may not. [If] one builds from the public domain, the one who brings stones may bring, and the one who builds may build, and if he caused damage, he pays what he damaged. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: He may even prepare his labor there thirty days before.

Mishnah 6ו׳

שְׁתֵּי גִנּוֹת זוֹ עַל גַּב זוֹ וְהַיָּרָק בֵּינְתַיִם, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל עֶלְיוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל תַּחְתּוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אִם יִרְצֶה הָעֶלְיוֹן לִקַּח אֶת עֲפָרוֹ אֵין כָּאן יָרָק. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אִם יִרְצֶה הַתַּחְתּוֹן לְמַלְּאוֹת אֶת גִּנָּתוֹ אֵין כָּאן יָרָק. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, מֵאַחַר שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶן יְכוֹלִין לִמְחוֹת זֶה עַל זֶה, רוֹאִין מֵהֵיכָן יָרָק זֶה חָי. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, כָּל שֶׁהָעֶלְיוֹן יָכוֹל לִפְשֹׁט אֶת יָדוֹ וְלִטֹּל, הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁלּוֹ, וְהַשְּׁאָר שֶׁל תַּחְתּוֹן:

Two gardens are one on top of the other, with vegetables [growing] between them. Rabbi Meir says they pertain to the upper, and Rabbi Yehudah says they pertain to the lower owner. Rabbi Meir said, "If the [owner of] the upper would want to take his soil, there would not be vegetables there." Rabbi Yehudah said, "If the [owner of] the lower would want to fill his garden, there would be no vegetables there." Rabbi Meir said: "Since each of them is able to hold the other one back, we identify from where the vegetable is sustained from." Rabbi Shimon said: "Anything that the [owner of] the upper is able to reach out his hand and take, this is his, and the remainder belongs to [owner of] the lower."