בבא קמא ד׳Bava Kamma 4

Mishnah 1א׳

שׁוֹר שֶׁנָּגַח אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שְׁוָרִים זֶה אַחַר זֶה, יְשַׁלֵּם לָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבָּהֶם. וְאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מוֹתָר, יַחֲזִיר לְשֶׁלְּפָנָיו. וְאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מוֹתָר, יַחֲזִיר לְשֶׁלִּפְנֵי פָנָיו. וְהָאַחֲרוֹן אַחֲרוֹן נִשְׂכָּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם, וְאֵין הַנְּבֵלָה יָפָה כְלוּם, זֶה נוֹטֵל מָנֶה וְזֶה נוֹטֵל מָנֶה. חָזַר וְנָגַח שׁוֹר אַחֵר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם, הָאַחֲרוֹן נוֹטֵל מָנֶה, וְשֶׁלְּפָנָיו, זֶה נוֹטֵל חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז וְזֶה נוֹטֵל חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז. חָזַר וְנָגַח שׁוֹר אַחֵר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם, הָאַחֲרוֹן נוֹטֵל מָנֶה, וְשֶׁלְּפָנָיו, חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז, וּשְׁנַיִם הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, דִּינַר זָהָב:

An ox which has gored four or five other oxen, this one after this one: he shall pay to [the owner of] the last ox injured. If there remains, it will go to [the owner of] the previously [injured ox]. If there still remains, it will go to [the owner of the ox injured] previous to the previously [injured ox]. [The owner of] the last [injured ox] benefits, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says, [If] an ox worth two hundred gores an ox worth two hundredand the carcass is not worth anything, this one gets one hundred and this one gets one hundred. [If] it goes back and injures another ox worth two hundred, the [owner of the] ox last injured receives 100 and the owner of the previously injured ox receives fifty. [If] it injures another ox worth two hundred, the [owner of the] ox last injured receives 100, the [owner of the] previously injured ox receives fifty, and the first two receive twent five.

Mishnah 2ב׳

שׁוֹר שֶׁהוּא מוּעָד לְמִינוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מוּעָד לְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, מוּעָד לְאָדָם וְאֵינוֹ מוּעָד לִבְהֵמָה, מוּעָד לִקְטַנִּים וְאֵינוֹ מוּעָד לִגְדוֹלִים, אֶת שֶׁהוּא מוּעָד לוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם, וְאֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוּעָד לוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם חֲצִי נֶזֶק. אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיָה מוּעָד לְשַׁבָּתוֹת וְאֵינוֹ מוּעָד לְחֹל. אָמַר לָהֶם, לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת מְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם, לִימוֹת הַחֹל מְשַׁלֵּם חֲצִי נֶזֶק. אֵימָתַי הוּא תָם. מִשֶּׁיַּחֲזֹר בּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה יְמֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת:

An ox which is warned for [injuring] its own species, and is not warned for [injuring] that which is not its own species; or is warned for [injuring] people and not warned for [injuring] animals; or is warned for [injuring] children and not warned for [injuring] adults—that for which it is warned [its owner] pays full damages, and that for which it is not warned [its owner] pays half damages. They said in front of Rabbi Judah: What if it is warned [for injuring] on the Sabbath, and it is not warned for during the week?” He said to them: “For [damages on] Sabbaths [its owner] pays full damages and for [damages] during the week [its owner] pays half damages.” When is [the ox considered] harmless? After it refrains from [damaging] for three Sabbath days.

Mishnah 3ג׳

שׁוֹר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְשֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, פָּטוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כא) שׁוֹר רֵעֵהוּ, וְלֹא שׁוֹר שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ. שׁוֹר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁל נָכְרִי, פָּטוּר. וְשֶׁל נָכְרִי שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, בֵּין תָּם בֵּין מוּעָד מְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם:

An ox of an Israelite that gored an ox belonging to the Temple, or an ox belonging to the Temple that gored an ox of an Israelite, he is exempt, as it says, “The ox belonging to his neighbor” (Exodus 21:35), and not an ox belonging to the Temple. An ox of an Israelite that gores an ox of a non-Jew, he is exempt. And an ox of a non-Jew that gores the ox of an Israelite, whether the ox is harmless or an attested danger, its owner pays full damages.

Mishnah 4ד׳

שׁוֹר שֶׁל פִּקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שֶׁל חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, חַיָּב. וְשֶׁל חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שֶׁל פִּקֵּחַ, פָּטוּר. שׁוֹר שֶׁל חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן שֶׁנָּגַח, בֵּית דִּין מַעֲמִידִין לָהֶן אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס וּמְעִידִין לָהֶן בִּפְנֵי אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס. נִתְפַּקַּח הַחֵרֵשׁ, נִשְׁתַּפָּה הַשּׁוֹטֶה וְהִגְדִּיל הַקָּטָן, חָזַר לְתַמּוּתוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הוּא בְחֶזְקָתוֹ. שׁוֹר הָאִצְטָדִין אֵינוֹ חַיָּב מִיתָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כא) כִּי יִגַּח, וְלֹא שֶׁיַּגִּיחוּהוּ:

[If] an ox of a person of sound senses gored the ox of a deaf-mute, a shoteh, or a minor, he is obligated. [If] an ox of a deaf-mute, shoteh or a minor, gored the ox of a person of sound senses, he is exempt. [If] an ox a deaf-mute, a shoteh or a minor gored, the court appoints a guardian over them, and they testified against them in the presence of the guardian. [If] the deaf-mute regained his hearing, or the shoteh recovered his senses, or the minor came of age, [the ox] returns to being harmless, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says, It remains in its presumption. An ox from the stadium is not liable to be put to death, as it says, “When it will gore” (Exodus 21:28), and not When others cause it to gore.

Mishnah 5ה׳

שׁוֹר שֶׁנָּגַח אֶת הָאָדָם וָמֵת, מוּעָד, מְשַׁלֵּם כֹּפֶר, וְתָם, פָּטוּר מִן הַכֹּפֶר. וְזֶה וָזֶה חַיָּבִים מִיתָה. וְכֵן בְּבֵן וְכֵן בְּבַת. נָגַח עֶבֶד אוֹ אָמָה, נוֹתֵן שְׁלשִׁים סְלָעִים, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא יָפֶה מָנֶה וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָפֶה אֶלָּא דִּינָר אֶחָד:

An ox that gored a person and he died: If it was an attested danger [its owner] must pay the ransom, If it was harmless he is exempt from paying the ransom. In both cases the ox is obligated for the death penalty. So too [if it killed] a son or a daughter. If it gored a male slave or a female slave he pays thirty sela, whether [the slave] was worth a maneh or not even worth a dinar.

Mishnah 6ו׳

שׁוֹר שֶׁהָיָה מִתְחַכֵּךְ בְּכֹתֶל וְנָפַל עַל הָאָדָם, נִתְכַּוֵּן לַהֲרֹג אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וְהָרַג אֶת הָאָדָם, לְנָכְרִי וְהָרַג אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לִנְפָלִים וְהָרַג בֶּן קְיָמָא, פָּטוּר:

If an ox was rubbing against a wall and it fell on a person; or if it intended to kill an animal and it killed a man; or a non-Jew and it killed an Israelite; or an untimely birth and it killed a viable infant, it is exempt [from death].

Mishnah 7ז׳

שׁוֹר הָאִשָּׁה, שׁוֹר הַיְתוֹמִים, שׁוֹר הָאַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס, שׁוֹר הַמִּדְבָּר, שׁוֹר הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, שׁוֹר הַגֵּר שֶׁמֵּת וְאֵין לוֹ יוֹרְשִׁים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִים מִיתָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹר הַמִּדְבָּר, שׁוֹר הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, שׁוֹר הַגֵּר שֶׁמֵּת, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמִּיתָה, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם בְּעָלִים:

An ox of a woman, or the ox of orphans, or the ox of a guardian, or a wild ox, or an ox belonging to the Temple, or an ox belonging to a convert who died and has no inheritors, these are all liable for the death penalty. Rabbi Yehudah says, A wild ox, or an ox belonging to the Temple, or an ox belonging to a convert who died are exempt from death, since they have no owners.

Mishnah 8ח׳

שׁוֹר שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא לְהִסָּקֵל וְהִקְדִּישׁוֹ בְעָלָיו, אֵינוֹ מֻקְדָּשׁ. שְׁחָטוֹ, בְּשָׂרוֹ אָסוּר. וְאִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמַר דִּינוֹ הִקְדִּישׁוֹ בְעָלָיו, מֻקְדָּשׁ. וְאִם שְׁחָטוֹ, בְּשָׂרוֹ מֻתָּר:

If an ox is going out to be stoned, and its owners dedicated it to the Temple, it is not considered dedicated. If he slaughtered it, its flesh is forbidden. But if before its sentence was complete its owner dedicated it, it is dedicated. And if he slaughtered it, its flesh is permitted

Mishnah 9ט׳

מְסָרוֹ לְשׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם, וּלְשׁוֹאֵל, לְנוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר, וּלְשׂוֹכֵר, נִכְנְסוּ תַחַת הַבְּעָלִים, מוּעָד מְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם, וְתָם מְשַׁלֵּם חֲצִי נֶזֶק. קְשָׁרוֹ בְעָלָיו בְּמוֹסֵרָה, וְנָעַל בְּפָנָיו כָּרָאוּי, וְיָצָא וְהִזִּיק, אֶחָד תָּם וְאֶחָד מוּעָד חַיָּב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, תָּם חַיָּב וּמוּעָד פָּטוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כא) וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ בְּעָלָיו, וְשָׁמוּר הוּא זֶה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לוֹ שְׁמִירָה אֶלָּא סַכִּין:

If he handed it to an unpaid guardian, or to a borrower, or to a paid guardian, or to a hirer, they take the place of the owners; an attested danger pays full damages, and a harmless ox pays half damages. If its owner had tied it with a halter, or locked it up properly, but it came out and caused damage, the owner is liable, whether it was an attested danger or accounted harmless, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah says: A harmless ox is liable, but an attested danger is exempt, as it says, “and its owner did not guard it”, and this one has been guarded. Rabbi Eliezer says: It can only be guarded by the knife.