ערכין ח׳Arakhin 8

Perek 8 of 9 in Arakhin — 7 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹבֵל, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים חֹמֶשׁ, וְכָל אָדָם אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן חֹמֶשׁ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁהִקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ מִפְּנֵי רָעָתָהּ, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְאִסָּר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא אָמַר זֶה אֶלָּא בְּכַבֵּיצָה, שֶׁהַהֶקְדֵּשׁ נִפְדֶּה בְכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כָסֶף. אָמַר לוֹ, הִגִּיעָתְךָ, נִמְצָא מַפְסִיד אִסָּר, וְשָׂדֵהוּ לְפָנָיו:

If one consecrated his field at a time when the [law of the] Jubilee was no longer observed, they say to him: “You open [the bidding]!” because the owner must pay an added fifth, whereas others do not pay an additional fifth. It happened that one consecrated his field because it was bad. They said to him: “You open the bidding.” He said: “I will acquire it for an issar.” Rabbi Yose said: he did say that, but rather “for an egg,” because consecrated objects may be redeemed by either money or money's equivalent. He [the Temple treasurer] said to him: It’s yours. It turns out he lost an issar and the field was his again.

Mishnah 2ב׳

אָמַר אֶחָד, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְעֶשֶׂר סְלָעִים, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּעֶשְׂרִים, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בִּשְׁלשִׁים, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּאַרְבָּעִים, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בַּחֲמִשִּׁים. חָזַר בּוֹ שֶׁל חֲמִשִּׁים, מְמַשְׁכְּנִין מִנְּכָסָיו עַד עָשֶׂר. חָזַר בּוֹ שֶׁל אַרְבָּעִים, מְמַשְׁכְּנִין מִנְּכָסָיו עַד עָשֶׂר. חָזַר בּוֹ שֶׁל שְׁלשִׁים, מְמַשְׁכְּנִין מִנְּכָסָיו עַד עָשֶׂר. חָזַר בּוֹ שֶׁל עֶשְׂרִים, מְמַשְׁכְּנִים מִנְּכָסָיו עַד עָשֶׂר. חָזַר בּוֹ שֶׁל עֶשֶׂר, מוֹכְרִים אוֹתָהּ בְּשָׁוְיָהּ וְנִפְרָעִים מִשֶּׁל עֶשֶׂר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. הַבְּעָלִים אוֹמְרִים בְּעֶשְׂרִים, וְכָל אָדָם אוֹמְרִים בְּעֶשְׂרִים, הַבְּעָלִים קוֹדְמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מוֹסִיפִין חֹמֶשׁ:

If one said: I will acquire it for ten selas, and another, [for] twenty, and another for thirty, and another for forty, and another for fifty, If he [that bid] fifty reneged, they take pledges from his property up to ten selas. If he [that bid] forty reneged, they take pledges from his property up to ten selas. If he [that bid] thirty reneged, they take pledges from his property up to ten selas. If he that bid twenty reneged they take pledges from his property up to ten selas. If he that bid ten reneged they sell [the field] for what it is worth, and collect what remains from him who bid ten. If the owner bid twenty and any other man bid twenty, then the owner comes first, because he must add one fifth.

Mishnah 3ג׳

אָמַר אֶחָד, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְעֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים עֶשְׂרִים וְשֵׁשׁ. בְּעֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים עֶשְׂרִים וְשֶׁבַע. בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְשָׁלשׁ, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה. בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים תִּשְׁעָה וְעֶשְׂרִים. בַּחֲמִשָּׁה וְעֶשְׂרִים, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים שְׁלֹשִׁים, שֶׁאֵין מוֹסִיפִין חֹמֶשׁ עַל עִלּוּיוֹ שֶׁל זֶה. אָמַר אֶחָד, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְּעֶשְׂרִים וָשֵׁשׁ, אִם רָצוּ הַבְּעָלִים לִתֵּן שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד וְדִינָר, הַבְּעָלִים קוֹדְמִים. וְאִם לָאו, אוֹמְרִים, הִגִּיעָתְךָ:

If one said I will acquire it for twenty-one selas, then the owners must pay twenty-six. [If one said] Twenty-two, the owners must pay twenty-seven. Twenty-three, the owners must pay twenty-eight. Twenty-four, the owners must pay twenty-nine. Twenty-five, the owners must pay thirty, For they need not add one fifth to what the other bids more. If one said: I will acquire it for twenty-six, if the owners want to pay thirty-one and an extra denar, the owner comes first. And if not, we say to the other: It has become yours.

Mishnah 4ד׳

מַחֲרִים אָדָם מִצֹּאנוֹ וּמִבְּקָרוֹ, מֵעֲבָדָיו וּמִשִּׁפְחוֹתָיו הַכְּנַעֲנִים, וּמִשְּׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּתוֹ. וְאִם הֶחֱרִים אֶת כֻּלָּן, אֵינָן מֻחְרָמִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, מָה אִם לַגָּבֹהַּ, אֵין אָדָם רַשַּׁאי לְהַחֲרִים אֶת כָּל נְכָסָיו, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם חַיָּב לִהְיוֹת חָס עַל נְכָסָיו:

A man may proscribe [part] of his flock or of his herd, of his Canaanite slaves or female slaves or of his field of possession. But if he proscribed all of them, they are not considered [validly] proscribed, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah said: just as when it comes to the Highest One, one is not permitted to proscribe all of his possessions, how much more so should one be careful with his property.

…and 3 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp, via Sefaria — CC BY