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ויקרא רבה ל״גVayikra Rabbah 33

Parashah 33 of 37 in Vayikra Rabbah — 6 sections

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Section 1א׳

וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל משֶׁה, וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר לַעֲמִיתֶךָ (ויקרא כה, א יד), הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (משלי יח, כא): מָוֶת וְחַיִּים בְּיַד לָשׁוֹן, תַּרְגוּם עֲקִילַס, מִיצְטְרָא מָכִירִין, מָוֶת מִכָּאן וְחַיִּים מִכָּאן. בַּר סִירָא אָמַר הָיְתָה לְפָנָיו גַּחֶלֶת וְנָפַח בָּהּ וּבָעֲרָהּ, רָקַק בָּהּ וְכָבַת. אָמַר רַבִּי יַנַּאי הָיָה כִּכָּר טָבוּל, אֲכָלוֹ עַד שֶׁלֹּא עִשְּׂרוֹ, מָוֶת בְּיַד לָשׁוֹן. עִשְּׂרוֹ וַאֲכָלוֹ, חַיִּים בְּיַד לָשׁוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא הָיְתָה לְפָנָיו כַּלְכָּלָה שֶׁל תְּאֵנִים, אֲכָלָהּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא עִשְּׂרָהּ, מָוֶת בְּיַד לָשׁוֹן. עִשְּׂרָהּ וַאֲכָלָהּ, חַיִּים בְּיַד לָשׁוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לְטָבִי עַבְדֵיהּ פּוּק זְבֵין לִי צֵדוּ טָבָא מִן שׁוּקָא, נָפַק זָבַן לֵיהּ לִשָּׁן, אָמַר לֵיהּ פּוּק זְבֵין לִי צֵדוּ בִּישָׁא מִן שׁוּקָא, נָפַק זָבַן לֵיהּ לִשָּׁן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ מַהוּ דֵּין דְּכַד אֲנָא אָמַר לָךְ צֵדוּ טָבָא אַתְּ זָבַן לִי לִשָּׁן, וְכַד אֲנָא אֲמַר לָךְ צֵדוּ בִּישָׁא אַתְּ זָבַן לִי לִשָּׁן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ מִינָּהּ טָבְתָּא וּמִינָהּ בִּישְׁתָּא, כַּד הֲוָה טַב לֵית טָבָה מִנֵּיהּ, וְכַד בִּישׁ לֵית בִּישׁ מִנֵּיהּ. רַבִּי עָשָׂה סְעוּדָה לְתַלְמִידָיו, הֵבִיא לִפְנֵיהֶם לְשׁוֹנוֹת רַכִּים וּלְשׁוֹנוֹת קָשִׁים, הִתְחִילוּ בּוֹרְרִין בָּרַכִּים וּמַנִּיחִין הַקָּשִׁים, אָמַר לָהֶם דְּעוּ מָה אַתֶּם עוֹשִׂין כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאַתֶּם בּוֹרְרִין אֶת הָרַכִּין וּמַנִּיחִין אֶת הַקָּשִׁים כָּךְ יִהְיֶה לְשׁוֹנְכֶם רַךְ אֵלּוּ לָאֵלּוּ, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר.

“The Lord spoke to Moses at Mount Sinai, saying” (Leviticus 25:1). “If you sell a sale item to your counterpart, or acquire from the hand of your counterpart, you shall not wrong one another” (Leviticus 25:14). “The Lord spoke to Moses…if you sell a sale item to your counterpart.” That is what is written: “Death and life are in the power of the tongue” (Proverbs 18:21). Aquila translated it regarding a spoon-knife; death from here and life from there. Bar Sira said: If one has a coal before him, if he blows on it, it burns; if he spits on it, it is extinguished. Rabbi Yanai said: If there was an untithed loaf; if one ate it before he tithed it, death is in the power of the tongue. If he tithed it and ate it, life is in the power of the tongue. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said: If there was a basket of figs before him; if one ate it before he tithed it, death is in the power of the tongue. If he tithed it and ate it, life is in the power of the tongue. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel said to Tavi his servant: ‘Go out and purchase a good cut of meat for me from the market.’ He went out and purchased tongue for him. He said to him: ‘Go out and purchase a bad cut of meat for me from the market.’ He went out and purchased tongue for him. He said to him: ‘What is this, that when I said to you: Purchase a good cut of meat, you bought me tongue, and when I said to you: Purchase a bad cut of meat, you bought me tongue?’ He said to him: ‘Good comes from it and bad comes from it. When it is good, there is nothing better than it. When it is bad, there is nothing worse than it.’ Rabbi [Yehuda HaNasi] made a feast for his disciples. He brought soft tongues and hard tongues before them. They began selecting the soft ones and leaving the hard ones. He said to them: ‘Know what you are doing; just as you are selecting the soft and leaving the hard, so your tongues should be soft toward one another.’ Therefore, Moses cautions Israel: “If you sell a sale item.”

Section 2ב׳

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (עמוס ז, ז): וְהִנֵּה ה' נִצָּב עַל חוֹמַת אֲנָךְ, עַל שׁוּרָא דְּאוּנִיתָה, (עמוס ז, ז): וּבְיָדוֹ אֲנָךְ, כְּבַעַל חוֹב שֶׁעוֹמֵד וּשְׁטָרוֹ בְּיָדוֹ. וְדִכְוָתַהּ (שמות א, ח): וַיָּקָם מֶלֶךְ חָדָשׁ, כְּבַעַל חוֹב וּשְׁטָרוֹ בְּיָדוֹ. וְדִכְוָתַהּ (עמוס ז, ח): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֵלַי מָה אַתָּה רֹאֶה עָמוֹס וָאֹמַר אֲנָךְ, זֶה סַנְהֶדְּרֵי גְדוֹלָה שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהִיא מִנְיַן אֲנָ"ךְ. (עמוס ז, ח): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' הִנְנִי שָׂם אֲנָךְ, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן רַבִּי סִימוֹן הַיּוֹרָה הַזּוֹ אֵין מַעֲמִידָהּ אֶלָּא אֲנָכָהּ, כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אוֹנֶכְכֶם אֲנִי בְּיִסּוּרִין בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, אֲבָל לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא (עמוס ז, ח): לֹא אוֹסִיף עוֹד עֲבוֹר לוֹ, רַבִּי יִצְחָק בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי טַבְיוֹמֵי בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה, בְּכָל עֲוֹנוֹת כְּתִיב (מיכה ז, יח): נוֹשֵׂא עָוֹן, וְכָאן כְּתִיב: לֹא אוֹסִיף עוֹד עֲבוֹר לוֹ.

Another matter, “if you sell a sale item…[you shall not wrong [tonu] one another]” – that is what is written: “Behold, the Lord standing beside a level [anakh] wall” (Amos 7:7), beside a wall of exploitation [deunita]. “With a plumb line in His hand” (Amos 7:7), like a creditor standing with a promissory note in his hand. Similarly, “a new king arose” (Exodus 1:8), like a creditor standing with a promissory note in his hand. Similarly: “The Lord said to me: What do you see, Amos? I said: A plumb line [anakh]” (Amos 7:8). This is the Great Sanhedrin, whose number is anakh. “The Lord said: Behold, I am placing a plumb line” (Amos 7:8). Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said: This pot is sustained only by means of its tin coating [anakha]. So, the Holy One blessed be He said: ‘I will give you a protective coating of suffering in this world, but in the World to Come, “I will not continue to be enraged by them any longer”’ (Amos 7:8). Rabbi Yitzḥak ben Elazar and Rabbi Tavyomei in the name of Rabbi Yirmeya: Regarding all [other] iniquities it is written: “[Who is a God like You,] who pardons iniquity?” (Micah 7:18), but here it is written: “I will not continue to forbear them any longer” (Amos 7:8).

Section 3ג׳

רָאִיתִי אֶת ה' נִצָּב עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (עמוס ט, א), עוֹמֵד עַל הַדּוֹר לְזָבְחוֹ, (עמוס ט, א): וַיֹּאמֶר הַךְ הַכַּפְתּוֹר וְיִרְעֲשׁוּ הַסִּפִּים, הַךְ הַכַּפְתּוֹר זֶה יֹאשִׁיָּה, וְיִרְעֲשׁוּ הַסִּפִּים, אֵלּוּ סַנְקְלִיטִין שֶׁלּוֹ. (עמוס ט, א): וּבְצָעַם בְּרֹאשׁ כֻּלָּם, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, מָשָׁל לִסְאָה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה עֲווֹנוֹת, מִי מְקַטְרֵג בָּהּ, גָּזֵל. רַבִּי יוּדָן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מָשָׁל לִבְנֵי אָדָם שֶׁהָיוּ בָּהֶן עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וּמְגַלֵּי עֲרָיוֹת וְשׁוֹפְכֵי דָמִים וְגָזֵל שָׁקוּל כְּנֶגֶד הַכֹּל. רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אִידֵי בְּשֵׁם רַב אַחָא עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה חַטָּאוֹת סִדֵּר יְחֶזְקֵאל וּמִכֻּלָם לֹא חָתַם אֶלָּא בְּגָזֵל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יחזקאל כב, יג): וְהִנֵּה הִכֵּיתִי כַפִּי אֶל בִּצְעֵךְ, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר.

“I saw the Lord standing upon the altar [mizbe’aḥ]” (Amos 9:1); He was standing over the generation to slaughter it [lezovḥo]. “He said: Strike the apex and the thresholds will quake” (Amos 9:1); “strike the apex,” this is Josiah; “and the thresholds will quake,” these are his legal advisers. “Shatter those [uvtzaam] who are at the head of them all” (Amos 9:1); Rabbi Shimon bar Abba in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: This is analogous to a se’a container that was filled with iniquities. Which of them prosecutes? It is robbery. Rabbi Yudan in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: This is analogous to people among whom were those who engage in idolatry, sexual immorality, and bloodshed; yet robbery is equivalent to them all. Rabbi Yaakov bar Idi in the name of Rav Aḥa: Ezekiel enumerated twenty-four sins, and of them all, he concluded only with robbery. That is what is written: “Behold, I struck My hand due to your ill-gotten gain” (Ezekiel 22:13). Therefore, Moses cautioned Israel: “If you sell a sale item...[you shall not wrong one another].”

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