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The Midrash Rabbah · Shemot Rabbah

שמות רבה ל׳Shemot Rabbah 30

Parashah 30 of 52 in Shemot Rabbah — 24 sections

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Section 1א׳

וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים צט, ד): וְעֹז מֶלֶךְ מִשְׁפָּט אָהֵב, אֵימָתַי נִתַּן הָעֹז לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה אֶת הַדִּין בְּעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, שֶׁכֵּן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא בִּנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר הָרָשָׁע עַל יְדֵי שֶׁנִּתְגָאֶה וְאָמַר (דניאל ד, כז): הֲלָא דָא הִיא בָּבֶל רַבְּתָא, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא רָשָׁע לֵחָה סְרוּחָה, נִתְגָאֵיתָ וְאָמַרְתָּ: בִּתְקָף חִסְנִי וִיקָר הַדְרִי, וְאֵין אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַכֹּל שֶׁלִּי, הַגְּדֻלָּה שֶׁלִּי וְהַחֹסֶן שֶׁלִּי, הַכָּבוֹד שֶׁלִּי וְהֶהָדָר שֶׁלִּי. וְכֵן דָּוִד אוֹמֵר (דברי הימים א כט, יא): לְךָ ה' הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת, וְאוֹמֵר (תהלים קד, א): ה' אֱלֹהַי גָּדַלְתָּ מְאֹד, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מְעַט מַלְכוּת שֶׁנִּתְּנָה לְךָ מִשֶּׁלִּי הוּא, וְכֵן דָּנִיֵּאל אוֹמֵר לוֹ (דניאל ב, לז): דִּי אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָא מַלְכוּתָא חִסְנָא וְתָקְפָא וִיקָרָא יְהַב לָךְ, וְאַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ בִּתְקָף חִסְנִי וִיקָר הַדְרִי, הֱוֵי: וְעֹז מֶלֶךְ מִשְׁפָּט אָהֵב, הָעֹז שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְהוּא אוֹהֵב אֶת הַמִּשְׁפָּט וּנְתָנוֹ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהֵם אוֹהֲבָיו, וּמַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב (תהלים צט, ד): אַתָּה כּוֹנַנְתָּ מֵישָׁרִים, אַתָּה כּוֹנַנְתָּ יַשְׁרוּת לְאוֹהֲבֶיךָ, שֶׁעַל יְדֵי הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים שֶׁנָּתַתָּ לָהֶם הֵם עוֹשִׂים מְרִיבָה זֶה עִם זֶה, וּבָאִין לִידֵי מִשְׁפָּט וְהֵן עוֹשִׂים שָׁלוֹם, אָמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָם עַד מָתַי אִי אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה דִּין בָּעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, אָמַר לָהֶם עַד שֶׁתַּגִּיעַ עוֹנָתָן לִבָּצֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה כז, ב): בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר עַנּוּ לָהּ, כְּלוּם קוֹטֵף אָדָם אֶת כַּרְמוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּתְבַּשֵּׁל, אֶלָּא מֵאַחַר שֶׁהוּא מְבֻשָּׁל, הוּא קוֹטְפוֹ וְנוֹתְנוֹ בַּגַּת וְדוֹרְכוֹ וּמְזַמֵּר וְהֵן עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו. כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, הַמְתִּינוּ לִי עַד שֶׁתַּגִּיעַ עוֹנָתָהּ שֶׁל אֱדוֹם וַאֲנִי דוֹרֵךְ אוֹתָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים ס, י): עַל אֱדוֹם אַשְׁלִיךְ נַעֲלִי, אֲנִי פּוֹתֵחַ לָכֶם, וְאַתֶּם עוֹנִים אַחֲרָי, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר עַנּוּ לָהּ. (ישעיה כז, ג): אֲנִי ה' נֹצְרָהּ לִרְגָעִים אַשְׁקֶנָּה, אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁמְשַׁמֵּר אוֹתָהּ לְהַשְׁקוֹתָהּ כּוֹסוֹת הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לִרְגָעִים אַשְׁקֶנָּה, אִם בָּא אֲנִי לְהַבִּיט בָּהֶם מְכַלֶּה אֲנִי אוֹתָם מִן הָעוֹלָם, אֶלָּא (ישעיה כז, ד): חֵמָה אֵין לִי, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהֵם מִתְמַלְּאִין חֵמָה עַל בָּנַי, אֶלָּא מָה אֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה לָהֶם (ישעיה כז, ד): אֶפְשֳׂעָה בָהּ אֲצִיתֶנָּה יָּחַד, אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁלִּי הֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כה, נה): כִּי לִי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבָדִים, וְהַחֵמָה שֶׁלִּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (נחום א, ב): נֹקֵם ה' וּבַעַל חֵמָה, וְאַתֶּם מִתְמַלְּאִים מִשֶּׁלִּי עַל שֶׁלִּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה כז, ד): מִי יִתְּנֵנִי שָׁמִיר וָשַׁיִת בַּמִּלְחָמָה. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרִין אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם מְשַׁנֶּה אֲנִי מִדַּת הַדִּין שֶׁלִּי בְּבָרָק אֶחָד אֲנִי מְכַלֶּה אוֹתָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לב, מא): אִם שַׁנּוֹתִי בְּרַק חַרְבִּי, וּמָה אֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה (דברים לב, מא): וְתֹאחֵז בְּמִשְׁפָּט יָדִי, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (ישעיה כז, ה): אוֹ יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻזִּי, וְאֵין מָעֻזִּי אֶלָּא דִּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים צט, ד): וְעֹז מֶלֶךְ מִשְׁפָּט אָהֵב, אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֲנִי יָכוֹל לַעֲבֹר אֶת הַדִּין עַל עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים וַאֲנִי אֵינִי מַעֲבִיר אֶלָּא תּוֹפֵס אֲנִי בַּדִּין, כָּךְ אַתֶּם לֹא תֵצְאוּ חוּץ לַדִּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים.

“These are the ordinances that you shall place before them” (Exodus 21:1). “These are the ordinances [hamishpatim],” that is what is written: “The might of the King is that He loves justice [mishpat]” (Psalms 99:4). When is might ascribed to the Holy One blessed be He? When He executes judgment upon the idolaters. Thus you find regarding the wicked Nebuchadnezzar that because he boasted and said: “Is this not the great Babylon?” (Daniel 4:27), the Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘Wicked one, putrid discharge, you boasted and said: Due to the greatness of my might and in honor of my splendor. Do you not know that everything is Mine; greatness is Mine, might is Mine, honor is Mine, and splendor is Mine?’ Likewise, David said: “Yours, Lord, is the greatness, and the might, and the splendor, and the triumph, and the glory” (I Chronicles 29:11). And it says: “The Lord my God, You have become exceedingly great” (Psalms 104:1). The Holy One blessed be He said to Nebuchadnezzar: ‘The limited royalty that has been given you is from Me.’ Likewise Daniel said to him: ‘“To whom the God of the heavens has given the kingdom, the power, the strength, and the glory” (Daniel 2:37), and you said: Due to the greatness of my might and in honor of my splendor?’ That is, “the might of the King is that He loves justice.” The might belongs to the King of kings, the Holy One blessed be He. He loves justice and He gave it to Israel who are His beloved. That which is written: “You established equity [meisharim]” (Psalms 99:4); You established uprightness [yashrut] for Your beloved as, by means of the ordinances that You gave them, when they enter into disputes with one another they come to judgment and make peace. Israel said before the Holy One blessed be He: ‘Master of the universe, until when will You refrain from executing justice upon the idolaters?’ He said to them: ‘Until their time will arrive to be harvested,’ as it is stated: “On that day, sing about it: a vineyard of wine” (Isaiah 27:2). Does a person pick his vineyard before it ripens? Rather, after it ripens, he picks it, places it into the wine press, stomps it, and sings, and [his fellows] answer after him. Thus the Holy One blessed be He said to Israel: ‘Wait for Me until the time of Edom will arrive, and I will stomp it, as it is stated: “I will cast my shoe at Edom” (Psalms 60:10). I will open for you and you will answer after Me.’ That is why it is stated: “Sing about it: a vineyard of wine.” ‘“I, the Lord, guard it; every moment I water it” (Isaiah 27:3). It is I who guards it in order to give it many [bitter] cups to drink, as it is stated: “Every moment I water it.” If I come to look at them, I will eliminate them from the world. However, “I have no fury” (Isaiah 27:4), like they become filled with fury against My children. Rather, what do I do to them? “I would trample and ignite them together” (Isaiah 27:4).’ Rabbi Levi said: The Holy One blessed be He said to the idolaters: ‘Israel is Mine,’ as it is stated: “For the children of Israel are servants to Me” (Leviticus 25:55). ‘Fury is Mine,’ as it is stated: “The Lord is vengeful and filled with fury” (Nahum 1:2). ‘You become filled with what is Mine, against what is Mine,’ as it is stated: “If only I were given thorns and thistles in war” (Isaiah 27:4). The Rabbis say: The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘If I alter [meshaneh] My attribute of justice, I will eliminate them with one lightning bolt [barak], as it is stated: “If I hone [shanoti] My flashing [berak] sword” (Deuteronomy 32:41). But what do I do? “My hand will grasp judgment”’ (Deuteronomy 32:41). Likewise it says: “He will grasp My stronghold [bema’uzi]” (Isaiah 27:5). Ma’uzi means nothing other than justice, as it is stated: “The might [oz] of the King is that He loves justice” (Psalms 99:4). The Holy One blessed be He said to Israel: ‘Just as I could violate justice for the idolaters, but I do not violate it, but rather grasp justice, so you shall not go outside the bounds of justice, as it is stated: “These are the ordinances [mishpatim].”

Section 2ב׳

מַה כְּתִיב לְמַעְלָה מִן הָעִנְיָן (שמות כ, כג): וְלֹא תַעֲלֶה בְמַעֲלֹת עַל מִזְבְּחִי, וּכְתִיב: וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים, וְכִי מָה עִנְיַן זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה, וְכִי עֶרְוָתָן שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים הָיְתָה מְגֻלָּה, וַהֲרֵי כְתִיב (שמות כח, מב): וַעֲשֵׂה לָהֶם מִכְנְסֵי בָד לְכַסּוֹת בְּשַׂר עֶרְוָה, אֶלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבִינָא כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִזְהִיר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁלֹא יְהוּ פּוֹסְעִין פְּסִיעוֹת גַּסּוֹת עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֶלָּא יְהוּ מְהַלְּכִין עָקֵב בְּצַד גּוּדָל, כָּךְ הִזְהִיר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת הַדַּיָּנִין שֶׁלֹא יַפְסִיעוּ פְּסִיעוֹת גַּסּוֹת בַּדִּין.

What is written prior to the matter: “You shall not ascend on stairs to My altar, [so that your nakedness will not be exposed upon it]” (Exodus 20:23). And it is written: “And these are the ordinances.” What does this matter have in common with that? Was the nakedness of the priests exposed? But is it not written: “Make for them linen trousers to cover the flesh of their nakedness”? (Exodus 28:42). Rather, Rabbi Avina said: Just as the Holy One blessed be He cautioned the priest to refrain from taking large steps atop the altar; rather, they should walk with measured steps, so, the Holy One blessed be He cautioned the judges that they should not take large steps in judgment.

Section 3ג׳

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים, אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁכָּתוּב וְאֵלֶּה מוֹסִיף עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, וּבְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁכָּתוּב אֵלֶּה פּוֹסֵל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, כֵּיצַד (בראשית ב, ד): אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ בְּהִבָּרְאָם, וּמַה פָּסַל שֶׁהָיָה בּוֹרֵא שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ וְהָיָה מִסְתַּכֵּל בָּהֶם וְלֹא הָיוּ עֲרֵבִים עָלָיו וְהָיָה מַחֲזִירָן לְתֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ אֵלּוּ עָרְבוּ לְפָנָיו, אָמַר אֵלּוּ תוֹלְדוֹת, לְפִיכָךְ אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ, אֲבָל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לֹא הָיוּ תוֹלְדוֹת. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ (בראשית ו, ט): אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ, וּמַה פָּסַל דּוֹרוֹ שֶׁל אֱנוֹשׁ וְדוֹר הַמַּבּוּל וְקֵינָן וַחֲבֵרָיו, לְפִיכָךְ אָמַר (בראשית י, ב): בְּנֵי יֶפֶת גֹּמֶר וּמָגוֹג. וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ (בראשית כה, יב): וְאֵלֶּה תֹּלְדֹת יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֶּן אַבְרָהָם, מוֹסִיף עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, וּמִי הֵם, מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לְמַעְלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כה, ב): וַתֵּלֶד לוֹ אֶת זִמְרָן וְאֶת יָקְשָׁן, וְאַף כָּאן וְאֵלֶּה תֹּלְדֹת יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֶּן אַבְרָהָם בְּכֹר יִשְׁמָעֵאל נְבָיֹת, רְשָׁעִים הָיוּ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ (בראשית כה, יט): וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת יִצְחָק בֶּן אַבְרָהָם, מוֹסִיף עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, עַל מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לְמַעְלָה הֵימֶנּוּ (בראשית כה, טז): בְּנֵי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וּמִי הָיָה זֶה, עֵשָׂו וּבָנָיו שֶׁהָיָה בְּנוֹ שֶׁל יִצְחָק. וְאִם כֵּן יֵשׁ לוֹמַר הוֹאִיל וְאֵין כָּתוּב אֶלָּא וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת, אַף יַעֲקֹב שֶׁהוּא תּוֹלְדוֹת יִצְחָק בִּכְלַל עֵשָׂו. אַתָּה מוֹצֵא כָּל תּוֹלְדוֹת שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא חֲסֵרִים חוּץ מִשְּׁנַיִם (בראשית ב, א): אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ, (רות ד, יח): וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדוֹת פָּרֶץ, וְטַעַם גָּדוֹל יֵשׁ לָהֶם, לָמָּה אָמַר אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ מָלֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ וְלֹא הָיָה מַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת בָּעוֹלָם, וּבִשְׁבִיל כָּךְ הוּא מָלֵא, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁחָטָא אָדָם וְחַוָּה חִסֵּר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כָּל תּוֹלְדוֹת שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָמַד פֶּרֶץ נַעֲשָׂה תּוֹלְדוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ מָלֵא, שֶׁהַמָּשִׁיחַ עוֹמֵד הֵימֶנּוּ וּבְיָמָיו הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַבְלִיעַ הַמָּוֶת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה כה, ח): בִּלַּע הַמָּוֶת לָנֶצַח, לְפִיכָךְ תּוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ וְתוֹלְדוֹת פָּרֶץ מָלֵא. וּלְכָךְ תּוֹלְדֹת יִצְחָק חָסֵר, לְהוֹצִיא יַעֲקֹב מִכְּלַל הָרְשָׁעִים. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ (בראשית לז, ב): אֵלֶּה תֹּלְדוֹת יַעֲקֹב, פָּסַל לְאַלּוּפֵי עֵשָׂו. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ (שמות א, א): וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, מוֹסִיף עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, וּמִי הָיוּ אֵלּוּ שֶׁכָּתַב לְמַעְלָה (בראשית מו, ח כז): בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן וּבְנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ (במדבר ג, א): וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת אַהֲרֹן, מוֹסִיף עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, וּמִי הָיוּ אֵלּוּ שֶׁכָּתַב לְמַעְלָה (במדבר א, מד): כָּל הַפְּקֻדִּים אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן, מָה הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ צַדִּיקִים אַף אֵלּוּ צַדִּיקִים. אַף כָּאן וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים, מוֹסִיף עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לְמַעְלָה (שמות טו, כה): שָׁם שָׂם לוֹ חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט, דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים, מַה כְּתִיב לְמַעְלָה מִן הַפָּרָשָׁה (שמות יח, כב): וְשָׁפְטוּ אֶת הָעָם בְּכָל עֵת, וְאָמַר כָּאן וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים, וְהַדִּבְּרוֹת בָּאֶמְצַע, מָשָׁל לְמַטְרוֹנָה שֶׁהָיְתָה מְהַלֶּכֶת, הַזַּיִּן מִכָּאן וְהַזַּיִּן מִכָּאן, וְהִיא בָּאֶמְצַע. כָּךְ הַתּוֹרָה, דִּינִין מִלְּפָנֶיהָ וְדִינִין מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ, וְהִיא בָּאֶמְצַע. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (משלי ח, כ): בְּאֹרַח צְדָקָה אֲהַלֵּךְ, הַתּוֹרָה אוֹמֶרֶת בְּאֵיזֶה נָתִיב אֲנִי מְהַלֶּכֶת, אֲהַלֵּךְ בְּדַרְכָּן שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂי צְדָקָה (משלי ח, כ): בְּתוֹךְ נְתִיבוֹת מִשְׁפָּט, הַתּוֹרָה בָּאֶמְצַע וְדִינִין מִלְּפָנֶיהָ וְדִינִין מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ, מִלְּפָנֶיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׁם שָׂם לוֹ חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט, וְדִינִין מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים.

Another matter, “these are [ve’eleh] the ordinances,” Rabbi Abahu said: Every place where ve’eleh is written, it adds to the previous matter, and every place that eleh is written it rejects the previous matter. How so? “This is [eleh] the legacy of the heavens and the earth on the day that they were created” (Genesis 2:4). What did it reject? He had been creating heavens and earth and examining them. They were not pleasing to Him, and He would restore them to emptiness and disorder. When He saw this heavens and earth, they were pleasing to Him. He said: “This is the legacy of the heavens and the earth,” but what came before was not a legacy. Similarly, “this is [eleh] the legacy of Noah” (Genesis 6:9). What did it reject? It rejected the generation of Enosh, the generation of the Flood, and Keinan and his counterparts. Therefore it says: “The sons of Yefet, Gomer and Magog” (Genesis 10:2). Similarly, “this is [ve’eleh] the legacy of Ishmael son of Abraham” (Genesis 25:12), adds to the previous matter. Who are they? What is written beforehand, as it is stated: “She bore him Zimran and Yokshan” (Genesis 25:2). Here, too, “this is [ve’eleh] the legacy of Ishmael son of Abraham…the firstborn of Ishmael is Nevayot” (Genesis 25:12–13). They were wicked like them. Similarly, “this is [ve’eleh] the legacy [toledot] of Isaac son of Abraham” (Genesis 25:19) adds to the previous matter, to what was written beforehand: “The sons of Ishmael” (Genesis 25:16). Who was it? It was Esau and his sons, for he was a son of Isaac. If so, it may be said that since only “this is [ve’eleh] the legacy” is written, Jacob, too, who was part of the legacy of Isaac, is included with Esau? You find that every [time the word] toledot appears in the Bible it is written defectively, except for: “This is the legacy [toledot] of the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 2:4), and “this is the legacy [toledot] of Peretz” (Ruth 4:18). And there is a compelling reason why it says: “This is the legacy [toledot] of the heavens and the earth” in full. It is because the Holy One blessed be He created His world and there was no angel of death in the world. That is why it is complete. When Adam and Eve sinned, the Holy One blessed be He minimized all the toledot in the Bible. When Peretz arose, his toledot became full, because the Messiah will emerge from him, in whose days the Holy One blessed be He will eliminate death, as it is stated: “He will eliminate death forever” (Isaiah 25:8). That is the reason that toledot of the heavens and earth and toledot of Peretz are full. This is the reason that toledot of Isaac is defective, to exclude Jacob from the category of the wicked. Similarly, “this is [eleh] the legacy of Jacob” (Genesis 37:2), it rejected the chieftains of Esau. Similarly, “these are [ve’eleh] the names of the children of Israel” (Exodus 1:1), adds to the previous matter. Who were they? Those who were written beforehand: The children of Reuben and the children of Simeon. Similarly, “this is [ve’eleh] the legacy of Aaron” (Numbers 3:1) adds to the previous matter. Who were they? Those who were written beforehand: “These are the counted, that Moses and Aaron…counted” (Numbers 1:44). Just like those beforehand were righteous, so, too, these were righteous. Here, too, “these are [ve’eleh] the ordinances” adds to the previous matter, that which was written beforehand: “There He instituted for it statutes and ordinances” (Exodus 15:25). Another matter, “these are [ve’eleh] the ordinances.” What is written before this portion? “They shall judge the people at all times” (Exodus 18:22). And it says here: “These are the ordinances,” and the [Ten] Commandments are in the middle. This is analogous to a noblewoman who was walking, an armed guard on this side and an armed guard on that side, and she was in the middle. So, too, the [giving of the] Torah had justice before it and justice after it and it was in the middle. Likewise it says: “I walk on the path of righteousness” (Proverbs 8:20). The Torah says: In which path do I walk? I will walk in the path of those who perform righteousness. “In the midst of the paths of justice” (Proverbs 8:20), the Torah in the middle and justice before it and after it; before it, as it is stated: “There He instituted for it statutes and ordinances,” justice after it, as it is stated: “These are the ordinances.”

…and 19 more sections in this chapter.

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Shemot Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria

English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 — CC BY