The Midrash Rabbah · Shemot Rabbah
שמות רבה כ״הShemot Rabbah 25
Parashah 25 of 52 in Shemot Rabbah — 12 sections
Section 1א׳
וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל משֶׁה הִנְּנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים קלה, ו): כֹּל אֲשֶׁר חָפֵץ ה' עָשָׂה בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ, כָּל מַה שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חָפֵץ לַעֲשׂוֹת עוֹשֶׂה, שֶׁהַכֹּל שֶׁלּוֹ בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ בָּשָׂר וָדָם עוֹשֶׂה לוֹ טְרַקְאִירִין וְנוֹתֵן כָּל מִינֵי מַשְׁקִין כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, שֶׁמָּא יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיא אֶת כֻּלָּן מִמָּקוֹם אֶחָד. אֲבָל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינוֹ כֵן כְּשֶׁהִמְטִיר אֵשׁ וְגָפְרִית עַל הַסְּדוֹמִיִּים הָיָה מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יט, כד): וַה' הִמְטִיר עַל סְדֹם מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם. וְהַטַּל מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מיכה ה, ו): כְּטַל מֵאֵת ה'. וְהַמָּן מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, מָשָׁל לְמוּלְיָר שֶׁל זָהָב בִּקֵּשׁ צִנִּים הוֹצִיא מִמֶּנּוּ, בִּקֵּשׁ גֶּחָלִים הוֹצִיא מִמֶּנּוּ, כָּךְ כְּשֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הַמַּכּוֹת עַל הַמִּצְרִיִּים לֹא הֵבִיא אֶלָּא מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, וּכְשֶׁפָּרַע מִן הָאֱמוֹרִיִּים, לֹא פָּרַע מֵהֶן אֶלָּא מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע י, יא): וַה' הִשְׁלִיךְ עֲלֵיהֶם אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלוֹת מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, וּכְשֶׁפָּרַע מִסִּיסְרָא פָּרַע מִמֶנּוּ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים ה, כ): מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם נִלְחָמוּ, וּכְשֶׁמֵּיטִיב לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֵינוֹ מֵיטִיב אֶלָא מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כח, יב): יִפְתַּח ה' לְךָ אֶת אוֹצָרוֹ הַטּוֹב אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם, הַבְּרָכוֹת מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כו, טו): הַשְׁקִיפָה מִמְּעוֹן קָדְשְׁךָ מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם.
“The Lord said to Moses: Behold, I will rain down bread for you from the heavens and the people shall go out and gather each day’s portion on its day, so that I may test them, whether they will follow My Torah or not” (Exodus 16:4). “The Lord said to Moses: Behold, I will rain down bread for you from the heavens.” That is what is written: “Anything that the Lord desires to do, He does, in the heavens and on the earth” (Psalms 135:6). Anything that the Holy One blessed be He seeks to do, He does, for everything is His in the heavens and on the earth. Reish Lakish said: When flesh and blood crafts a vessel with three compartments and places different sorts of liquids, each and every one by itself; is he able to pour them all out from one place? However, for the Holy One blessed be He it is not so. When He rained fire and brimstone upon the Sodomites it was from the heavens, as it is stated: “The Lord rained [brimstone and fire] upon Sodom [and upon Gomorrah from the Lord] from the heavens” (Genesis 19:24). Dew is from the heavens, as it is stated: “Like dew from the Lord” (Micah 5:6). And the manna was from the heavens. This is analogous to a golden samovar; if one seeks cold water, he removes it from it, if he seeks coals, he removes it from it. So too, when the Holy One blessed be He brought the plagues upon the Egyptians, He brought them only from the heavens. When He exacted retribution from the Emorites, He exacted retribution against them only from the heavens, as it is written: “The Lord cast upon them large stones from the heavens” (Joshua 10:11). When He exacted retribution from Sisera, He exacted retribution from him only from the heavens, as it is stated: “From the heavens they battled” (Judges 5:20). And when He bestows goodness upon Israel, He bestows goodness only from the heavens, as it is stated: “The Lord will open for you His good storehouse, the heavens” (Deuteronomy 28:12). The blessings are from the heavens, as it is stated: “Look from Your holy abode, from the heavens, [and bless Your people Israel]” (Deuteronomy 26:15).
Section 2ב׳
רַבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר פָּתַח (הושע יב, ו): וַה' אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת ה' זִכְרוֹ, שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה צִבְיוֹנוֹ בִּבְרִיּוֹתָיו. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת, שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה צִבְיוֹנוֹ בְּמַלְאָכָיו, כְּשֶׁהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָם יוֹשְׁבִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים ו, יא): וַיָּבֹא מַלְאַךְ ה' וַיֵּשֶׁב תַּחַת הָאֵלָה, וּפְעָמִים עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן עוֹמְדִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ו, ב): שְׂרָפִים עֹמְדִים, וּכְתִיב (זכריה ג, ז): וְנָתַתִּי לְךָ מַהְלְכִים בֵּין הָעֹמְדִים הָאֵלֶּה, וּפְעָמִים עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן בִּדְמוּת נָשִׁים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (זכריה ה, ט): וְהִנֵּה שְׁתַּיִם נָשִׁים יוֹצְאוֹת וְרוּחַ בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם, וּפְעָמִים בִּדְמוּת אֲנָשִׁים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח, ב): וְהִנֵּה שְׁלשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים, וּפְעָמִים עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן רוּחוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קד, ד): עֹשֶׂה מַלְאָכָיו רוּחוֹת, וּפְעָמִים אֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קד, ד): מְשָׁרְתָיו אֵשׁ לֹהֵט. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַה' אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת, שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה צִבְיוֹנוֹ בָּעוֹלָם, כְּשֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ הוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קד, יד): לְהוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ, וְהוֹרִיד מַיִם מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יא, יא): לִמְטַר הַשָּׁמַיִם תִּשְׁתֶּה מָּיִם, וּכְשֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ הֶעֱלָה מַיִם מִן הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כא, יז): עֲלִי בְאֵר עֱנוּ לָהּ. וְהוֹרִיד מָן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם.
Rabbi Simon began in the name of Rabbi Eliezer: “The Lord is the God of hosts [tzevaot], the Lord is His designation” (Hosea 12:6), He carries out His will [tzivyono] upon His creations. Alternatively, “the God of hosts,” he carries out His will upon His angels. When He wishes, He makes them sit, as it is stated: “An angel of God came and sat beneath the terebinth” (Judges 6:11). At times, He makes them stand, as it is stated: “Seraphs standing” (Isaiah 6:2). And it is written: “I will grant you movement among those standing” (Zechariah 3:7). At times He makes them in the guise of women, as it is stated: “Behold, two women emerged and wind was in their wings” (Zechariah 5:9), and at times, in the guise of men, as it is stated: “Behold three men” (Genesis 18:2). At times He makes them into winds, as it is stated: “He renders His angels winds” (Psalms 104:4), and at times, fire, as it is stated: “Flaming fires His servants” (Psalms 104:4). Alternatively, “the Lord is the God of hosts [tzevaot],” He carries out His will [tzivyono] upon the world. When He wished, He produced bread from the earth, as it is stated: “To produce bread from the earth” (Psalms 104:14). He brought down water from the heavens, as it is stated: “From the rain of the heavens, it drinks water” (Deuteronomy 11:11). When He wished, He raised water from the earth, as it is stated: “Rise, well, call to it” (Numbers 21:17), and He brought down manna from the heavens, as it is stated: “Behold, I will rain down bread for you from the heavens.”
Section 3ג׳
דָּבָר אַחֵר, הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים קמה, טז): פּוֹתֵחַ אֶת יָדֶךָ וּמַשְׂבִּיעַ לְכָל חַי רָצוֹן, בֹּא וּרְאֵה שֶׁלֹא כְמִדַּת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִדַּת בָּשָׂר וָדָם, מִדַּת בָּשָׂר וָדָם כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהַסְּפוֹג בְּיָדוֹ פּוֹתֵחַ יָדוֹ אֵין טִפָּה יוֹרֵד, קוֹפֵץ יָדוֹ הוּא מוֹרִיד מָיִם, אֲבָל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינוֹ כֵן, הַסְּפוֹג בְּיָדוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים סה, י): פֶּלֶג אֱלֹהִים מָלֵא מָיִם, וְכֵן (ישעיה מ, יב): מִי מָדַד בְּשָׁעֳלוֹ מַיִם, אִם עָצַר אֵין הַמַּיִם יוֹרְדִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב יב, טו): הֵן יַעְצֹר בַּמַּיִם וְיִבָשׁוּ. וְאוֹמֵר (דברים יא, יז): וְעָצַר אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה מָטָר, פּוֹתֵחַ יָדוֹ הַמָּטָר יוֹרֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כח, יב): יִפְתַּח ה' לְךָ אֶת אוֹצָרוֹ הַטּוֹב, וְאוֹמֵר: פּוֹתֵחַ אֶת יָדֶךָ וּמַשְׂבִּיעַ לְכָל חַי רָצוֹן, לְכָל חַי מָזוֹן אֵין כָּתוּב כָּאן, אֶלָּא לְכָל חַי רָצוֹן, שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד רְצוֹנוֹ מַה שֶּׁהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ, וְכֵן לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא נוֹתֵן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוךְ הוּא לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד כָּל מַה שֶּׁהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ, וְאִם תָּמֵהַּ אַתָּה עַל הַדָּבָר, רְאֵה מֶה עָשָׂה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה שֶׁהוֹרִיד לָהֶם הַמָּן שֶׁהָיָה בּוֹ מִכָּל מִינֵי מַטְעַמִּים, וְהָיָה כָּל אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל טוֹעֵם כָּל מַה שֶּׁהָיָה רוֹצֶה, שֶׁכֵּן כְּתִיב (דברים ב, ז): זֶה אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ עִמָּךְ לֹא חָסַרְתָּ דָּבָר, מַהוּ דָּבָר, כְּשֶׁהָיָה מִתְאַוֶּה לֶאֱכֹל דָּבָר וְהָיָה אוֹמֵר בְּפִיו אִלּוּלֵי הָיָה לִי פְּטָמָא אַחַת לֶאֱכֹל, מִיָּד הָיָה נַעֲשָׂה לְתוֹךְ פִּיו טַעַם פְּטָמָא. דָּבָר הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה רְצוֹנָם. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא אַף דָּבָר לֹא הָיָה אוֹמֵר בְּפִיו אֶלָּא חוֹשֵׁב בְּלִבּוֹ לוֹמַר מַה שֶּׁנַּפְשׁוֹ מִתְאַוָּה, הָיָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה רְצוֹנוֹ וְהָיָה טוֹעֵם טַעַם מַה שֶּׁהָיָה מִתְאַוֶּה. תֵּדַע לְךָ שֶׁהוּא כֵּן, שֶׁכֵּן אָמַר יְחֶזְקֵאל (יחזקאל טז, יט): וְלַחְמִי אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לָךְ סֹלֶת וָשֶׁמֶן וּדְבַשׁ הֶאֱכַלְתִּיךְ. כָּתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר: הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם, וְכָתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר: (שמות טז, לא): וְטַעְמוֹ כְּצַפִּיחִת בִּדְבָשׁ, וְאוֹמֵר (במדבר יא, ח): וְהָיָה טַעְמוֹ כְּטַעַם לְשַׁד הַשָּׁמֶן, כֵּיצַד מִתְקַיְּמִין שְׁלשָׁה כְּתוּבִין הַלָּלוּ, בַּחוּרִים הָיָה טוֹעֲמִין טַעַם לֶחֶם, זְקֵנִים טַעַם דְּבַשׁ, תִּינוֹקוֹת טַעַם שָׁמֶן.
Another matter, “behold, I will rain down bread for you from the heavens,” that is what is written: “You open Your hand, and satisfy the desire of every living being” (Psalms 145:16). Come and see that the nature of flesh and blood is unlike the nature of the Holy One blessed be He. The nature of flesh and blood is that when a sponge is in his hand, if he opens his hand no drop falls, but if he clenches his hand, it causes water to fall. But the Holy One blessed be He is not so. The sponge is in His hand, as it is stated: “The streams [peleg] of God are filled with water” (Psalms 65:10), and likewise, “who measured water in His palm” (Isaiah 40:12). If He shuts it, the water does not come down, as it is stated: “Behold, He shuts the water and it dries” (Job 12:15), and it says: “He will shut the heavens and there will be no rain” (Deuteronomy 11:17). He opens His hand and the rain falls, as it is stated: “The Lord will open for you His good storehouse, the heavens [to provide rain for your land in its time]” (Deuteronomy 28:12). And it says: “You open Your hand, and satisfy the desire of every living being” (Psalms 145:16). “The food of every living being,” is not written here, but rather, “the desire of every living being,” as He provides for the desire of each and every one. Likewise, in the future, the Holy One blessed be He will give each and every one everything that he seeks. If you wonder about this matter, see what He did for Israel in this world, as He brought down for them manna, in which there were all kinds of delicacies, and each and every one of Israel would taste anything that he wanted, as it is stated: “These forty years the Lord your God is with you, you lacked nothing [davar]” (Deuteronomy 2:7). What is davar? When one would desire to eat something [davar], and he would say so with his mouth: ‘If only I had a piece of fattened meat to eat,’ immediately, it would be transformed into the taste of fattened meat in his mouth. They would say a word [davar], and the Holy One blessed be He would fulfill their will. Rabbi Abba said: He would not even say anything with his mouth, but rather would think in his heart what his soul desired and the Holy One blessed be He would fulfill his will, and he would taste the flavor of what he desired. Know that it is so, as Ezekiel said: “My bread that I gave you, fine flour, oil, and honey I fed you” (Ezekiel 16:19). One verse says: “Behold, I will rain down bread for you from the heavens,” and one verse says: “And its taste was like a cake of honey” (Exodus 16:31), and it says: “Its taste was like the taste of cake baked with oil” (Numbers 11:8). How are the three verses realized? Lads would taste the taste of bread; elders, the taste of honey; babies, the taste of oil.
Shemot Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria
English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 — CC BY