קהלת רבה ה׳Kohelet Rabbah 5

Verse 2 · 1א׳

כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁהָיָה בְּיָדָם. וְקוֹל כְּסִיל בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים, בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּ מִפִּיהֶם וְאָמְרוּ (איוב כא, טו): מַה שַּׁדַּי כִּי נַעַבְדֶנּוּ וגו'. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל דּוֹר הַפְלָגָה בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁהָיָה בְּיָדָם. וְקוֹל כְּסִיל בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים, שֶׁאָמְרוּ (בראשית יא, ד): וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָנוּ שֵׁם וגו'. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל הַסְּדוֹמִיִּים בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁהָיָה בְּיָדָם. וְקוֹל כְּסִיל בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים, שֶׁאָמְרוּ נְשַׁכַּח תּוֹרַת הָרֶגֶל מִבֵּינוֹתֵינוּ. הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב לט, טו): וַתִּשְׁכַּח כִּי רֶגֶל תְּזוּרֶהָ וְחַיַּת הַשָֹּׂדֶה תְּדוּשֶׁהָ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל הַמִּצְרִיִּים בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁהָיָה בְּיָדָם. וְקוֹל כְּסִיל בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים, שֶׁאָמְרוּ (שמות ה, ב): מִי ה' אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ וגו'. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל סִיסְרָא בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁהָיָה בְּיָדוֹ. וְקוֹל כְּסִיל בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים ד, ג): וְהוּא לָחַץ אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וגו'. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל סַנְחֵרִיב בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁהָיָה בְּיָדוֹ. וְקוֹל כְּסִיל בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים, שֶׁחֵרֵף וְגִדֵּף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה לו, כ): מִי בְּכָל אֱלֹהֵי הָאֲרָצוֹת הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר הִצִּילוּ אֶת אַרְצָם וגו'. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִין בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁבְּיָדָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה ה, יב): כִּחֲשׁוּ בַּה'. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר עַל שֶׁאָמַר (דניאל ג, טו): וּמַן הוּא אֱלָהּ דִּי יְשֵׁיזְבִנְכוֹן מִן יְדָי. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן, כָּל חֲבָלִים וְיִסּוּרִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל בֵּלְשַׁצַּר בְּרֹב עִנְיַן רָע שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (דניאל ה, ד): אִשְׁתִּיו חַמְרָא וְשַׁבַּחוּ לֵאלָהֵי דַהֲבָא וְכַסְפָּא וגו', וְכֵן אַתְּ מוֹצֵא בְּפַרְעֹה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית מא, א): וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים וגו', אָמַר פַּרְעֹה מִי מִתְקַיֵּם עַל מִי, אֲנִי עַל אֱלֹהַי אוֹ אֱלֹהַי עָלַי, לָא אֲנָא מִתְקַיֵּם עַל אֱלֹהַי, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים. וְכֵן אַתְּ מוֹצֵא בַּאֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן, כָּל הַלַּיְלָה הָיָה אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ רוֹאֶה הָמָן עַל גַּבָּיו עוֹמֵד וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ וּמַעֲבִיר פּוּרְפְּרִין מֵעָלָיו, וְכִתְרוֹ מֵעַל רֹאשׁוֹ, וּמְבַקֵּשׁ לְהָרְגוֹ, וַהֲוָה מִתְעַר וַאֲמַר מָה חֶלְמָאָה דֵּין חֶיזְוָוא הוּא דֵין, עַד הֵיכָן עַד דַּאֲתָא צַפְרָא, אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (אסתר ו, ד): מִי בֶחָצֵר, אָמְרוּ לוֹ: הִנֵּה הָמָן עֹמֵד בֶּחָצֵר, אֲמַר הָא חֶילְמָא. כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן. וְהָמָן בָּא לַחֲצַר בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ הַחִיצוֹנָה לֵאמֹר לַמֶּלֶךְ לִתְלוֹת אֶת מָרְדְּכַי עַל הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר הֵכִין לוֹ, וְלַחֲבֵרָיו כְּתִיב (תהלים ז, יד): וְלוֹ הֵכִין כְּלֵי מָוֶת חִצָּיו לְדֹלְקִים יִפְעָל, מַהוּ לְדֹלְקִים, אָמַר רַבִּי אֵלּוּ רְשָׁעִים שֶׁמַּשְׁלִיכִין דֶּלֶק עֲלֵיהֶם. רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב דִּכְפַר חָנָן אָמַר אֵלּוּ שֶׁהִצִּיתוּ אֶת הָאוּר בְּחֻרְבַּן בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי אֵלּוּ רוֹדְפֵיהֶם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, דִּכְתִיב (איכה ד, יט): עַל הֶהָרִים דְּלָקֻנוּ. (אסתר ו, ו): וַיֹּאמֶר הָמָן בְּלִבּוֹ, הָרְשָׁעִים בִּרְשׁוּת לִבָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כז, מא): וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו בְּלִבּוֹ. (מלכים א יב, כו): וַיֹּאמֶר יָרָבְעָם בְּלִבּוֹ. אֲבָל צַדִּיקִים לִבָּם בִּרְשׁוּתָם, דִּכְתִיב (שמואל א א, יג): וְחַנָּה הִיא מְדַבֶּרֶת עַל לִבָּהּ. (שמואל א כז, א): וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל לִבּוֹ. (דניאל א, ח): וַיָּשֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל עַל לִבּוֹ. דּוֹמִין לְבוֹרְאָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ח, כא): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל לִבּוֹ. רַבִּי לֵוִי וְרַבָּנָן, רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר הֵן חוֹשְׁבִין רָעוֹת בִּלְבָבָם וַאֲנִי טוֹבוֹת בְּלִבִּי. הֵן חוֹשְׁבִים רָעוֹת בִּלְבָבָם, וַאֲנִי דָן אוֹתָם בִּלְבָבָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים לז, טו): חַרְבָּם תָּבוֹא בְלִבָּם. (אסתר ו, ו): וַיֹּאמֶר הָמָן בְּלִבּוֹ. מִיָּד הֵשִׁיב הָמָן וְאָמַר: יָבִיאוּ לְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת, אָמַר לוֹ הַרְבֵּה לְבוּשִׁין יֵשׁ לְךָ, אֶלָּא לְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת, אוֹתוֹ שֶׁלָּבַשְׁתָּ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁמָּלַכְתָּ. וְסוּס אֲשֶׁר רָכַב עָלָיו הַמֶּלֶךְ, אָמַר לוֹ הַרְבֵּה סוּסִים יֵשׁ לְךָ, אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַסּוּס שֶׁרָכַבְתָּ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁמָּלַכְתָּ. וַאֲשֶׁר נִתַּן כֶּתֶר מַלְכוּת בְּרֹאשׁוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִזְכִּיר לוֹ אֶת הַכֶּתֶר נִשְׁתַּנּוּ פָּנָיו, אָמַר הָא מָטְיָא עָנְתֵיהּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: כִּי בָּא הַחֲלוֹם בְּרֹב עִנְיָן וְקוֹל כְּסִיל בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים.

“For the dream comes with much concern; and a fool's voice with many words” (Ecclesiastes 5:2). “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon the generation of the Flood were due to the many evil concerns in which they engaged. “And a fool’s voice with many words” – due to the many words that they expressed from their mouths, and said: “What is the Almighty that we should serve Him…” (Job 21:15). Another matter: “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon the generation of the Dispersion were due to the many evil concerns in which they engaged. “And a fool’s voice with many words” – as they said: “And we will make a name for ourselves…” (Genesis 11:4). Another matter: “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon the Sodomites were due to the many evil concerns in which they engaged. “And a fool’s voice with many words” – as they said: Let the convention of passersby be forgotten from among us; that is what is written: “And it forgets that a foot may crush it or a beast of the field trample it” (Job 39:15). Another matter: “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon the Egyptians were due to the many evil concerns in which they engaged. “And a fool’s voice with many words” – as they said: “Who is the Lord that I should heed His voice…” (Exodus 5:2). Another matter: “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon Sisera were due to the many evil concerns in which he engaged. “And a fool's voice with many words” – as it is stated: “He oppressed the children of Israel…” (Judges 4:3). Another matter: “For the dream comes with much concern,” all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon Sennacherib were due to the many evil concerns in which he engaged. “And a fool's voice with many words” – because he cursed and blasphemed, as it is stated: “Who among the gods of all these lands rescued their land [from my hand, that the Lord will rescue Jerusalem from my hand?”] (Isaiah 36:20). Another matter: “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon the tribes of Judah and Benjamin were due to the many evil concerns in which they engaged, as it is stated: “They denied the Lord” (Jeremiah 5:12). Another matter: “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon Nebuchadnezzar were due to the many evil concerns in which he engaged, as it is stated: “Who is the god who will deliver you from my hands?” (Daniel 3:15). Another matter “For the dream comes with much concern” – all the pain and suffering that the Holy One blessed be He brought upon Belshatzar were due to the many evil concerns in which he engaged, as it is written: “They drank wine and praised the gods of gold and silver…” (Daniel 5:4). Likewise, you find regarding Pharaoh, as it is stated: “It was at the end of two full years [that Pharaoh dreamed]” (Genesis 41:1). Pharaoh said: Who watches over whom; is it I over my god or my god over me? Is it not I who watches over my god? That is what is written: “It was at the end of two full years [that Pharaoh dreamed, and behold, he was standing over the Nile].” Likewise you find regarding Aḥashverosh; Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said: All night, Aḥashverosh was seeing Haman standing over him, with his sword drawn in his hand, removing his royal garment from upon him and his crown from upon his head, and seeking to kill him. He would awaken and say: What is this dream? This is a vision. Until when? Until the morning came. The king said: “Who is in the courtyard?” (Esther 6:4). They said to him: “Behold, it is Haman standing in the courtyard” (Esther 6:5). He said: ‘This is the dream’; “for the dream comes with much concern.” “Haman had come to the outer courtyard of the king’s palace, to say to the king to hang Mordekhai on the gallows that he had prepared for him” (Esther 6:4), [for himself] and for his comrades. [Similarly] it is written: “He prepared weapons of death for himself; his arrows will act against pursuers [ledolekim]” (Psalms 7:14). What is ledolekim? Rabbi [Yehuda HaNasi] said: These are the wicked who cast fire [delek] upon them. Rabbi Yaakov of Kefar Ḥanan said: These are those who ignited the fire in the destruction of the Temple. The Rabbis say: These are the pursuers of Israel, as it is written: “On the mountains they pursued us” (Lamentations 4:19). “Haman said in his heart” (Esther 6:6) – the wicked are under the control of their heart, as it is stated: “Esau said in his heart” (Genesis 27:41), “Yerovam said in his heart” (I Kings 12:26). However, the righteous, their hearts are under their control, as it is written: “Hannah, she was speaking to her heart” (I Samuel 1:13), “David said to his heart” (I Samuel 27:1), “Daniel resolved in his heart” (Daniel 1:8). They are similar to their Creator, as it is stated: “The Lord said to His heart” (Genesis 8:21). Rabbi Levi and the Rabbis: Rabbi Levi said: They think evil in their heart, and I think good in My heart. They think evil in their heart, and I judge them regarding their heart, as it is stated: “Their sword will come into their heart” (Psalms 37:15). “Haman said in his heart” (Esther 6:6) – immediately, Haman responded and said: “Let them bring a royal garment” (Esther 6:8). He said to [Aḥashverosh]: ‘You have many garments, but [have them bring] the “royal garment,” the one that you wore on the day that you were crowned.’ “And a horse upon which the king has ridden” (Esther 6:8) – he said to [Aḥashverosh]: ‘You have many horses, but [have them bring] the horse upon which you rode on the day you were crowned.’ “And on whose head the royal crown was placed” (Esther 6:8) – when [Haman] mentioned the crown to him, his face contorted. [Aḥashverosh] said: ‘His time has come.’ That is what is written: “For the dream comes with much concern; and a fool's voice with many words.”

Verse 4 · 1א׳

טוֹב אֲשֶׁר לֹא תִדֹּר. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְטוֹב מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם שֶׁאֵינוֹ נוֹדֵר כָּל עִקָּר אֶלָּא מֵבִיא כִּבְשָׂתוֹ לָעֲזָרָה וּמַקְדִּישָׁהּ וְשׁוֹחֲטָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כג, כג): וְכִי תֶחְדַּל לִנְדֹּר, אָמַר רַבִּי הוּנָא מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר וְלֹא שִׁלֵּם וּפָרַשׁ בַּיָּם הַגָּדוֹל וְטָבְעָה סְפִינָתוֹ בַּיָּם וָמֵת. אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל כָּל מִי שֶׁהוּא נוֹדֵר וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם גּוֹרֵם לְעַצְמוֹ שֶׁתָּמוּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית מח, ז): וַאֲנִי בְּבֹאִי מִפַּדָּן מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר יִצְחָק כָּל הַנּוֹדֵר וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם גּוֹרֵם לָבוֹא לִידֵי אַרְבַּע עֲבֵרוֹת: עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, וּשְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, וְלָשׁוֹן הָרָע. וְכֻלָּם לְמָדָם מִיַּעֲקֹב, עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית לה, ב): הָסִרוּ אֶת אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר. גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית לד, ה): כִּי טִמֵּא אֶת דִּינָה בִתּוֹ, שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית לד, כה): וַיִּקְחוּ שְׁנֵי בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב וגו'. וְלָשׁוֹן הָרָע, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית לא, א): וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת דִּבְרֵי בְנֵי לָבָן. אָמַר רַבִּי מָנָא, כָּל הַנּוֹדֵר וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם גּוֹרֵם מִיתָה לְעַצְמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כג, כב): כִּי דָּרשׁ יִדְרְשֶׁנּוּ ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ מֵעִמָּךְ, וְאָמַר רַבִּי אַמֵּי אֵין מִיתָה בְּלֹא חֵטְא וְאֵין יִסּוּרִין בְּלֹא עָוֹן. אֵין מִיתָה בְּלֹא חֵטְא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל יח, ד): הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַחֹטֵאת הִיא תָמוּת. וְאֵין יִסּוּרִין בְּלֹא עָוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים פט, לג): וּפָקַדְתִּי בְשֵׁבֶט פִּשְׁעָם וּבִנְגָעִים עֲוֹנָם.

“It is better that you do not vow, than that you vow and do not pay” (Ecclesiastes 5:4). “It is better that you do not vow” – Rabbi Meir said: Better than both is one who does not vow at all, but rather brings his sheep to the Temple Courtyard, consecrates it, and slaughters it, as it is stated: “If you refrain from vowing, [there will be no sin in you]” (Deuteronomy 23:23). Rabbi Huna said: There was an incident involving one who vowed and did not pay. He set sail in the Mediterranean Sea, and his ship sank in the sea and he died. Rabbi Shmuel said: Anyone who vows and does not pay causes for himself that his wife will die, as it is written: “I, when I came from Padan, Rachel died on me…” (Genesis 48:7). Rabbi Shmuel bar Yitzḥak said: Anyone who vows and does not pay causes [himself] to come to four transgressions: Idol worship, forbidden sexual relations, bloodshed, and slander, and all of them are derived from Jacob. Idol worship, as it is written: “Remove the foreign gods” (Genesis 35:2). Forbidden sexual relations, as it is written: “That he had defiled Dina his daughter” (Genesis 34:5). Bloodshed, as it is written: “Jacob’s two sons, […each] took [his sword…and killed all the males]” (Genesis 34:25). And slander, as it is written: “He heard the words of Laban’s sons [saying: Jacob has taken everything that was our father’s]” (Genesis 31:1). Rabbi Mana said: Anyone who vows and does not pay causes death to come upon him, as it is stated: “For the Lord your God will demand it of you [and it will be a sin for you]” (Deuteronomy 23:22), and Rabbi Ami said: There is no death without sin, and there is no suffering without iniquity. There is no death without sin, as it is stated: “The soul that sins, it will die” (Ezekiel 18:4). And there is no suffering without iniquity, as it is stated: “I will punish their transgressions with a rod and their iniquity with plagues” (Psalms 89:33).

Verse 5 · 1א׳

אַל תִּתֵּן אֶת פִּיךָ לַחֲטִיא אֶת בְּשָׂרֶךָ, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי פָּתַר קְרָיָיא בְּפוֹסְקֵי צְדָקָה בָּרַבִּים וְאֵינָם נוֹתְנִים. וְאַל תֹּאמַר לִפְנֵי הַמַּלְאָךְ, זֶה הַחַזָּן, כִּי שְׁגָגָה הִיא, תָּהֵא אֲנָא בִי. לָמָּה יִקְצֹף הָאֱלֹהִים עַל קוֹלֶךָ, עַל אוֹתוֹ הַקּוֹל שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ. וְחִבֵּל אֶת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ, מִעוּט מִצְווֹת שֶׁבְּיַד אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַכְנִיס בָּהֶן מְאֵרָה וּמְאַבְּדָן מִמֶּנּוּ. רַבִּי בִּנְיָמִין פָּתַר קְרָיָיא בַּחֲנִיפֵי תוֹרָה, אַל תִּתֵּן אֶת פִּיךָ, אַל תִּתֵּן רְשׁוּת לְפִיךָ לַחֲטִיא אֶת בְּשָׂרֶךָ, לְהַחֲטִיא אֶת גּוּפְךָ בְּלִמּוּדְךָ. וְאַל תֹּאמַר לִפְנֵי הַמַּלְאָךְ, זֶה הָרַב, כִּי שְׁגָגָה הִיא, עָבֵיד גַּרְמֵיהּ קָרֵי וְלָא קָרֵי, תָּנֵי וְלָא תָנֵי. לָמָּה יִקְצֹף הָאֱלֹהִים עַל קוֹלֶךָ, עַל הַקּוֹל שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ, הֲדָא הֲלָכָה אָמַר לִי, הָדֵין פֶּרֶק אָמַר לִי. וְחִבֵּל אֶת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ, אֲפִלּוּ מִעוּט הֲלָכוֹת שֶׁבְּיַד אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַכְנִיס בָּהֶן שִׁכְחָה וּמְאֵרָה וּמְאַבְּדָן מִמֶּנּוּ. וְרַבָּנָן פָּתְרִין קְרָיָיא בְּנוֹדֵר. לִפְנֵי הַמַּלְאָךְ, זֶה חָכָם. כִּי שְׁגָגָה הִיא, אֲנָא לָא נְדָרִית. לָמָּה יִקְצֹף הָאֱלֹהִים, שֶׁפָּתַחְתָּ בְּנֶדֶר. וְחִבֵּל אֶת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ, אֲפִלּוּ מְעַט מָמוֹן שֶׁבְּיַד אוֹתוֹ אִישׁ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַכְנִיס בּוֹ מְאֵרָה, וּמְאַבְּדוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ. רַב הוּנָא פָּתַר קְרָיָיא בְּלָשׁוֹן הָרָע, אַל תִּתֵּן אֶת פִּיךָ, לוֹמַר לָשׁוֹן הָרָע. לִפְנֵי הַמַּלְאָךְ, זֶה הַגּוּף. כִּי שְׁגָגָה הִיא, אֲנָא לָא אֲמָרִית לָשׁוֹן הָרָע. וְחִבֵּל אֶת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ, אֵלּוּ גִּידִין וַעֲצָמוֹת שֶׁבְּגוּף אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַכְנִיס בָּהֶן שַׁחֶפֶת וְקַדַּחַת וּמְאַבֵּד אוֹתָן מִמֶּנּוּ. רַבִּי מָנֵי פָּתַר קְרָיָיא בְּמִרְיָם, אַל תִּתֵּן אֶת פִּיךָ, זוֹ מִרְיָם. לַחֲטִיא אֶת בְּשָׂרֶךָ, שֶׁאָמְרָה לָשׁוֹן הָרָע בְּמשֶׁה, (במדבר יב, ב): הֲרַק אַךְ בְּמשֶׁה. לִפְנֵי הַמַּלְאָךְ, זֶה משֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כ, טז): וַיִּשְׁלַח מַלְאָךְ. כִּי שְׁגָגָה הִיא, אֲשֶׁר נוֹאַלְנוּ וַאֲשֶׁר חָטָאנוּ. לָמָּה יִקְצֹף הָאֱלֹהִים עַל קוֹלֶךָ, וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם, וְחִבֵּל אֶת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ, מִרְיָם שֶׁאָמְרָה בְּפִיהָ וְלָקוּ כָּל אֵבָרֶיהָ. תָּנָא רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מִילָּא בְּסֶלַע מִשְׁתּוֹקָא בִּתְרֵין, כְּאֶבֶן טָבָא. אָמַר רַבִּי סַמָּא דְּמִילְּתָא מַשְׁתִּיקָא, כְּדִתְנֵינַן תַּמָּן בְּאָבוֹת, שִׁמְעוֹן בְּנוֹ אוֹמֵר כָּל יָמַי גָּדַלְתִּי בֵּין הַחֲכָמִים וְלֹא מָצָאתִי לַגּוּף טוֹב מִשְּׁתִיקָה.

“Do not allow your mouth to cause your flesh to sin, and do not say before the messenger that it was unwitting; why should God grow angry at your voice, and destroy your handiwork?” (Ecclesiastes 5:5) “Do not allow your mouth to cause your flesh to sin” – Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi interpreted the verse regarding those who pledge charity in public, but do not give it. “And do not say before the messenger” – this is the pledge collector; “that it was unwitting” – and I have reconsidered. “Why should God grow angry at your voice” – at that voice with which you uttered [your pledge]. “And destroy your handiwork” – the few mitzvot that this man has, the Holy One blessed be He introduces a curse in them and eradicates them from him. Rabbi Binyamin interpreted the verse regarding those who engage in Torah disingenuously: “Do not allow your mouth” – do not give your mouth permission; “to cause your flesh to sin” – to cause your body to sin in your study. “And do not say before the messenger” – this is the rabbi; “that it was unwitting” – he renders himself as though well versed in Bible, but he is not well versed in Bible, well versed in Mishna, but he is not well versed in Mishna. “Why should God grow angry at your voice” – at the voice with which you said: This halakha he told me, this chapter he told me; “and destroy your handiwork” – the few halakhot that this man knows, the Holy One blessed be He introduces forgetfulness and curse in them and eradicates them from him. The Rabbis interpreted the verse regarding one who takes a vow. “Before the messenger” – this is the Sage; “that it was unwitting” – I did not take a vow. “Why should God grow angry” – that you introduced an extenuation to the vow; “and destroy your handiwork” – even the limited property that is in the possession of that man, the Holy One blessed be He introduces a curse in him and eradicates it from him. Rav Huna interpreted the verse regarding slander. “Do not allow your mouth” – to speak slander; “before the messenger” – this is the body; “that it was unwitting” – I did not [intend to] speak slander; “and destroy your handiwork” – the sinews and bones that are in the body of that man, the Holy One blessed be He introduces consumption and fever in them and eradicates them from him. Rabbi Mani interpreted the verse regarding Miriam. “Do not allow your mouth” – this is Miriam; “to cause your flesh to sin” – as she spoke slander regarding Moses: “Was it only with Moses [that the Lord spoke]?” (Numbers 12:2). “Before the messenger” – this is Moses, as it is stated: “He sent a messenger [and took us out of Egypt] (Numbers 20:16). “That it was unwitting” – [as it is stated:] “that we have been foolish and we have sinned” (Numbers 12:11). “Why should God grow angry at your voice” – [as it is stated:] “Miriam…spoke [against Moses]” (Numbers 12:1). “And destroy your handiwork” – [this is] Miriam, who spoke with her mouth and all her limbs were stricken. Rabbi Yehoshua taught: A word for a sela, silence for two, like a jewel. Rabbi said: The remedy of the matter is silence, as it is taught there in Avot (1:17): Shimon his son says: All my days I grew among the Sages, but I found nothing for the body better than silence.