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The Midrash Rabbah · Kohelet Rabbah

קהלת רבה י״בKohelet Rabbah 12

Chapter 12 of 12 in Kohelet Rabbah — 13 sections

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This book follows the megillah's own verses: each section is numbered by its verse and its place there, so “Verse 2 · 4” is the fourth midrash on verse 2.

Verse 1 · 1א׳

וְהָסֵר כַּעַס מִלִּבֶּךָ, אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי כָּל טִילוֹי סִירוֹי, וְכָל סִירוֹי טַפְּשָׁן, אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה, הוֹאִיל וְהַיַּלְדוּת וְהַשַּׁחֲרוּת הָבֶל, לְפִיכָךְ וּזְכֹר אֶת בּוֹרְאֶיךָ, תְּנֵינַן עֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהַלַּלְאֵל אוֹמֵר הִסְתַּכֵּל בִּשְׁלשָׁה דְּבָרִים, מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ, מִטִּפָּה סְרוּחָה. וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ, לִמְקוֹם עָפָר רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה. וְלִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן, לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי דְּסִכְנִין אָמַר, שְׁלָשְׁתָּן דָּרַשׁ עֲקַבְיָא מִתּוֹךְ תֵּבָה אַחַת, בּוֹרְךָ, בְּאֵרְךָ, בּוֹרַאֲךָ. בּוֹרְךָ, זוֹ לֵחָה סְרוּחָה. בְּאֵרְךָ, זוֹ רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה, בּוֹרַאֲךָ, זֶה מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁאַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן לְפָנָיו דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר וּזְכֹר אֶת בּוֹרְאֶיךָ בִּימֵי בְּחוּרֹתֶיךָ, עַד דְּחֵילָךְ עֲלָךְ. עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָבֹאוּ יְמֵי הָרָעָה, אֵלּוּ יְמֵי הַזִּקְנָה. וְהִגִּיעוּ שָׁנִים, אֵלּוּ הַיִּסּוּרִין. רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר אֵלּוּ יְמוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לֹא זְכוּת וְלֹא חוֹבָה.

“Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the evil days come, and the years arrive when you will say: I have no desire in them” (Ecclesiastes 12:1). “Remove anger from your heart” (Ecclesiastes 11:10) – Rabbi Levi said: Every lad is hot-tempered, and every hot-tempered one is a fool. Solomon said: Since “childhood and youth are vanity” (Ecclesiastes 11:10), therefore, “remember your Creator [in the days of your youth].” We learned: Akavya ben Mahalalel says: Reflect on three matters: From where you came – from a putrid secretion; to where you are going – to a place of dust, maggots, and worms; and before whom are you destined to give an account and a reckoning – before the King of kings, the Holy One blessed be He. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi of Sikhnin said: Akavya expounded the three of them from one word: Borekha, be’erkha, boraakha. Borekha, your pit, this is a putrid secretion; be’erkha, your well, this is maggots and worms; and boraakha, your Creator, this is the King of kings, the Holy One blessed be He. That is why it is stated: “Remember your Creator in the days of your youth” – when you are still in possession of your strength; “before the evil days come” – these are the days of old age; “and the years arrive [when you will say: I have no desire in them]” – this is suffering. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Neḥemya said: These are the messianic times, when there is neither merit nor liability.

Verse 2 · 1א׳

עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא תֶחְשַׁךְ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, זֶה קְלַסְתֵּר פָּנִים. וְהָאוֹר, זֶה הַחֹטֶם. וְהַיָּרֵחַ, זֶה הַמֵּצַח. וְהַכּוֹכָבִים, אֵלּוּ רָאשֵׁי לְסָתוֹת. וְשָׁבוּ הֶעָבִים אַחַר הַגֶּשֶׁם, רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר בָּהּ תַּרְתֵּי, חֲדָא לְחַבְרַיָּה וַחֲדָא לְבוּרַיָּא, חֲדָא לְחַבְרַיָּה, בָּא לִבְכּוֹת זָלְגוּ עֵינָיו דְּמָעוֹת. וַחֲדָא לְבוּרַיָּא, בָּא לְהַטִּיל מַיִם הַגְּלָלִים יוֹצְאִים וּמְקַדְּמִין אוֹתוֹ.

“Before the sun, the light, the moon, and the stars are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain” (Ecclesiastes 12:2); “Before the sun…are darkened” – this is [a person’s] countenance; “the light” – this is the nose; “the moon” – this is the forehead; “and the stars” – these are the cheekbones. “The clouds return after the rain” – Rabbi Levi said two matters about this, one for Torah scholars and one for ignoramuses. One for Torah scholars: One comes to weep, and his eyes shed tears [copiously]. One for ignoramuses: One who comes to urinate, excrement emerges and precedes it.

Verse 3 · 1א׳

בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיָּזֻעוּ שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת, אֵלּוּ הַצְּלָעוֹת. וְהִתְעַוְּתוּ אַנְשֵׁי הֶחָיִל, אֵלּוּ זְרוֹעוֹתָיו. רַבִּי חִיָּא בְּרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר אֵלּוּ צַלְעוֹתָיו. וּבָטְלוּ הַטֹּחֲנוֹת, זוֹ הֶמְסֵס. כִּי מִעֵטוּ, אֵלּוּ הַשִּׁנַּיִם. וְחָשְׁכוּ הָרֹאוֹת בָּאֲרֻבּוֹת, אֵלּוּ הָעֵינַיִם. רַבִּי חִיָּא בְּרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר אֵלּוּ כַּנְפֵי הָרֵאָה, שֶׁמִּשָּׁם בַּת קוֹל יוֹצֵאת.

“on the day that the guards of the house will tremble, the men of valor will be bent, the grinders will cease because they have dwindled, and it will be dark for those who gaze through the windows” (Ecclesiastes 12:3); “On the day that the guards of the house will tremble” – these are the ribs; “the men of valor will be bent” – these are one’s arms. Rabbi Ḥiyya ben Rabbi Neḥemya says: These are one’s ribs. “The grinders will cease” – this is the stomach; “because they have dwindled” – these are the teeth; “and it will be dark for those who gaze through the windows” – Rabbi Ḥiyya ben Rabbi Neḥemya says: These are the edges of the lungs, from which the sound of the voice emerges.

…and 8 more sections in this chapter.

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Kohelet Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria

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