איכה רבה ד׳Eichah Rabbah 4

Section 1א׳

אֵיכָה יוּעַם זָהָב, רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר אֵיךְ כִּיסָה דַהֲבָא, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (יחזקאל כח, ג): כָּל סָתוּם לֹא עֲמָמוּךָ. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרִין אֵיךְ שִׁנָּה דַהֲבָא. רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא אָמַר אֵיךְ עֲמָה דַהֲבָא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אֵיכָה יוּעַם זָהָב, דְּתָנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּא, גֶּחָלִים, יָכוֹל עוֹמְמוֹת, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר אֵשׁ, אִי אֵשׁ יָכוֹל שַׁלְהֶבֶת, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר גֶּחָלִים, הָא כֵיצַד, מֵבִיא מִן הַלּוֹחֲשׁוֹת הַלָּלוּ. תִּשְׁתַּפֵּכְנָה אַבְנֵי קֹדֶשׁ, כַּד הֲווֹ חַבְרַיָיא נָפְקִין לְפַרְנָסַתְהוֹן, הֲווֹ קָרוּ עֲלֵיהוֹן תִּשְׁתַּפֵּכְנָה אַבְנֵי קֹדֶשׁ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מְדַבֵּר בְּיֹאשִׁיָּה, אֵיכָה יוּעַם זָהָב, שֶׁהָיָה דּוֹמֶה לְאַרְנְטָס שֶׁל זָהָב. יִשְׁנֶא הַכֶּתֶם הַטּוֹב, שֶׁהָיָה גּוּפוֹ דּוֹמֶה לְאֶבֶן טוֹבָה וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת. תִּשְׁתַּפֵּכְנָה אַבְנֵי קֹדֶשׁ, אֵלּוּ שְׁתֵּי רְבִיעִיּוֹת שֶׁל דָּם שֶׁהָיָה יִרְמְיָה נוֹטְלָן וְקוֹבְרָן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (דברי הימים ב לה, כד): וַיִּקָּבֵר בְּקִבְרוֹת אֲבֹתָיו, וְכִי בְּכַמָּה קְבָרוֹת נִקְבַּר, דְּאַתְּ אוֹמֵר בְּקִבְרוֹת אֲבֹתָיו, אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ שְׁתֵּי רְבִיעִיּוֹת שֶׁל דָּם שֶׁהָיָה יִרְמְיָה נוֹטְלָן וְקוֹבְרָן. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מְדַבֵּר בְּאַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ דּוֹמִין לְאַרְנְטָס שֶׁל זָהָב, וְגוּפָן דּוֹמֶה לְאֶבֶן טוֹבָה וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, וְאִם יֹאמַר לְךָ אָדָם אֵין הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר בְּאַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, אֱמֹר לוֹ כְּבָר כְּתִיב [בני ציון].

“How has gold tarnished, the fine gold changed? The sacred stones are spilled at the head of every street” (Lamentations 4:1). “How has gold tarnished [yuam]?” Rabbi Shmuel said: How has the gold been concealed? Just as it says: “No mystery can be concealed from you [amamukha]” (Ezekiel 28:3). The Rabbis say: How has gold changed? Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina said: How did the gold dim [ama]? That is what is written: “How does gold tarnish [yuam]?” As Rabbi Ḥiyya taught: “Coals” (Leviticus 16:12), could they be dim [omemot]? The verse states: “Fire” (Leviticus 16:12). If fire, is it, perhaps, a flame? The verse states: “Coals.” How so? He brings from these smoldering ones. “The sacred stones are spilled.” When the Torah scholars would go out to earn their living, they would read in their regard: “The sacred stones are spilled.” Another matter, it is referring to [the death of] Josiah: “How has gold tarnished,” because he was like a golden ornament. “The fine gold changed,” as his body was like a gem and diamonds. “The sacred stones are spilled,” these are two quarter log of blood that Jeremiah was taking and burying. That is what is written: “He was buried in the tombs of his ancestors” (II Chronicles 35:24). In how many tombs was he buried that you say “in the tombs of his ancestors”? Rather, these are the two quarter log of blood Jeremiah was taking and burying. Another matter, it is referring to the people of Jerusalem, who were like a golden ornament and their bodies like gems and diamonds. If a person will say to you: ‘The verse is not referring to the people of Jerusalem, say to him: It is already written: .

Section 2ב׳

בְּנֵי צִיּוֹן הַיְקָרִים, מֶה הָיְתָה יַקְרוּתָן, עִירוֹנִי שֶׁנָּשָׂא יְרוּשַׁלְמִית הָיָה נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִשְׁקָלָהּ זָהָב, וְכֵן יְרוּשַׁלְמִי שֶׁנָשָׂא עִירוֹנִית, הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לוֹ מִשְׁקָלוֹ זָהָב. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מֶה הָיְתָה יַקְרוּתָן, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן נוֹשֵׂא אִשָּׁה גְדוֹלָה מִמֶּנּוּ, הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה שֻׁלְחָנוֹת יוֹתֵר מִן הַיְצִיאוֹת, יְרוּדָה מִמֶּנּוּ הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה הוֹצָאוֹת יוֹתֵר מִן הַשֻּׁלְחָנוֹת. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מֶה הָיְתָה יַקְרוּתָן, לֹא הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם הוֹלֵךְ לִסְעוּדָה עַד שֶׁנִּקְרָא וְנִשְׁנָה.

“The precious sons of Zion, who were valued in gold, how are they considered earthenware jugs, the handiwork of the hands of the potter?” (Lamentations 4:2). “The precious sons of Zion,” in what way was their preciousness manifest? A resident of a [different] town who would marry a Jerusalemite woman would give her her weight in gold. Likewise, a Jerusalemite man who married a woman from a [different] town, they would give him his weight in gold. Another matter, in what way was their preciousness manifest? When one of them would marry a woman of more elevated status than he was, he would spend more to prepare tables for the wedding feast than he would for the household expenses; [if she was] of inferior status than he was, he would spend more on household expenses than he would on tables for the wedding feast. Another matter, in what way was their preciousness manifest? None of them would attend a feast until he was invited twice.

Section 3ג׳

מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה בְּאָדָם אֶחָד בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁעָשָׂה סְעוּדָה, אָמַר לְבֶן בֵּיתוֹ לֵךְ וְהָבֵא לִי קַמְצָא רַחֲמִי, אֲזַל וְאַיְיתֵי לֵיהּ בַּר קַמְצָא שָׂנְאֵיהּ, עָאל וְיָשַׁב בֵּין הָאוֹרְחִים. עָאל אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ בֵּינֵי אֲרִיסְטְיָיא, אָמַר לוֹ אַתְּ שָׂנְאִי וְאַתְּ יָתֵיב בְּגוֹ בֵּיתָאי, קוּם פּוּק לָךְ מִיגוֹ בֵּיתָאי. אָמַר לוֹ אַל תְּבַיְּשֵׁנִי וַאֲנָא יָהֵיב לָךְ דְּמֵי דִסְעוּדָתָא. אָמַר לוֹ לֵית אַתְּ מְסוּבָּה. אָמַר לוֹ אַל תְּבַיְּשֵׁנִי וַאֲנָא יָתֵיב וְלֵית אֲנָא אָכֵיל וְשָׁתֵי. אָמַר לוֹ לֵית אַתְּ מְסוּבָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֲנָא יָהֵיב דְּמֵי כָּל הָדֵין סְעוּדָתָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ קוּם לָךְ. וְהָיָה שָׁם רַבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶּן אַבְקוּלָס וְהָיְתָה סֵפֶק בְּיָדוֹ לִמְחוֹת וְלֹא מִיחָה, מִיָּד נְפֵיק לֵיהּ, אֲמַר בְּנַפְשֵׁיהּ אִילֵין מְסָבְיָין יָתְבִין בְּשַׁלְוַותְהוֹן, אֲנָא אֵיכוּל קָרְצְהוֹן, מָה עֲבַד הָלַךְ אֵצֶל הַשִּׁלְטוֹן אָמַר לוֹ אִילֵין קוּרְבָּנַיָּא דְּאַתְּ מְשַׁלַּח לִיהוּדָאֵי לְמִקְרְבִינְהוּ אִינוּן אָכְלִין לְהוֹן וּמְקָרְבִין אוֹחֳרָנִים בְּחִילוּפַיְיהוּ, נְזַף בֵּיהּ. אֲזַל לְגַבֵּיהּ תּוּב אֲמַר לֵיהּ כָּל אִילֵין קוּרְבָּנַיָּי דְּאַתְּ מְשַׁלַּח לִיהוּדָאֵי לְמִקְרְבִינְהוּ אִינוּן אָכְלִין לְהוֹן וּמְקָרְבִין אוֹחֳרִין בְּחִילוּפַיְיהוּ, וְאִם לֹא תַאֲמִין לִי שְׁלַח עִמִּי חַד אִיפַּרְכוּ וְקוּרְבָּנַיָּיא וְאַתְּ יָדַע מִיָּד שֶׁאֵינִי שַׁקְרָן. עַד דְּאַתְיָיא בְּאוֹרְחָא דְּמַךְ אִיפַרְכוּ, קָם הוּא בְּלֵילְיָא וַעֲשָׂאָן כֻּלָּן בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין בַּסֵּתֶר. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתָן הַכֹּהֵן הִקְרִיב אוֹחֳרָנִין תַּחְתֵּיהוֹן. אֲמַר הַהוּא שְׁלִיחָא דְמַלְכָּא לָמָּה לֵית אַתְּ מַקְרֵיב אִילֵין קוּרְבָּנַיָּא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לִמְחָר. אֲתָא יוֹם תְּלִיתָאָה וְלָא קְרַבְהוֹן, שְׁלַח וַאֲמַר לְמַלְכָּא הַהוּא מִלְּתָא דִּיהוּדָאָה קָאָמַר קוּשְׁטָא קָאָמַר, מִיָּד סְלִיק לְמַקְדְּשָׁה וְהֶחֱרִיבוֹ. הֲדָא דִּבְרִיָּאתָא אָמְרִין בֵּין קַמְצָא וּבֵין בֶּן קַמְצָא חֲרַב מַקְדְּשָׁא. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי עִנְוְתָנוּתוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶּן אַבְקוּלָס שָׂרְפָה אֶת הַהֵיכָל. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מָה הָיְתָה יַקְרוּתָן, לֹא הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן מוֹלִיד חָסֵר וּבַעַל מוּם.

There was an incident involving a certain man in Jerusalem, who made a feast. He said to a member of his household: ‘Go and bring me my friend, Kamtza.’ He went and brought his enemy, bar Kamtza. He entered and sat among the guests. [The host] entered and found him among those invited to the feast. He said to him: ‘You are my enemy, and you are sitting in my house? Get up and leave my house.’ He said to him: ‘Do not shame me, and I will give you the cost of my meal.’ He said to him: ‘You will not recline [at the feast].’ He said to him: ‘Do not shame me and I will sit, but I will not eat and I will not drink.’ He said to him: ‘You will not recline [at the feast].’ He said to him: ‘Do not shame me and I will give the cost of this entire feast.’ He said to him: ‘Get up [ and leave].’ Rabbi Zekharya ben Avkulas was there and it was within his ability to protest, but he did not protest. Immediately, [bar Kamtza] left. He said to himself: ‘These who are reclining at the feast are sitting in serenity; I will slander them.’ What did he do? He went to the ruler and said to him: ‘Those offerings that you send to the Jews for them to sacrifice, they eat them and sacrifice others in their stead.’ [The ruler] reprimanded him. He went to him again and said to him: ‘All those offerings that you send to the Jews for them to sacrifice, they eat them and sacrifice others in their stead. If you do not believe me, send with me one official and offerings, and you will immediately know that I am not a liar.’ While they were traveling on the way, the official fell asleep. [Bar Kamtza] arose during the night and rendered them all blemished animals in a discreet manner. When the priest saw them, he sacrificed others in their stead. The emissary of the king said: ‘Why did you not sacrifice these offerings?’ He said to him: ‘[I will sacrifice them] tomorrow.’ The third day arrived and he did not sacrifice them. He sent and said to the ruler: ‘The matter that the Jew said, he spoke the truth.’ Immediately, [the ruler] ascended to the Temple and destroyed it. That is what the people say: ‘Because of the differences between Kamtza and bar Kamtza the Temple was destroyed.’ Rabbi Yosei said: ‘The humility of Rabbi Zekharya ben Avkulas burned the Sanctuary.’ Alternatively, in what way was their preciousness manifest? Not one of them would bear a child missing a limb or blemished.